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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Improving the sensitivity of weak microwave signal detection with optomechanical system under non-Markovian regime

Xun Li, Biao Xiong, Shi‐Lei Chao, Ling Zhou

Published Apr 29, 2019• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Optomechanical systems can convert the microwave signal into the optical one, which provides us a candidate to detect weak microwave signal. Employing an optomechanical system, we investigate the effects of the non-Markovian environment on improving the sensitivity of weak microwave signal detection. Our results show that the non-Markovian environment with superohmic spectrum supports the improvement of sensitivity. A comparison between the direct measurement and homodyne detection shows that the latter can enhance the output power spectrum and reduce the additional noise because of the interference.

DOI
10.1364/josab.36.001363

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Optomechanical systems can convert the microwave signal into the optical one, which provides us a candidate to detect weak microwave signal. Employing an optomechanical system, we investigate the effects of the non-Markovian environment on improving the sensitivity of weak microwave signal detection. Our results show that the non-Markovian environment with superohmic spectrum supports the improvement of sensitivity. A comparison between the direct measurement and homodyne detection shows that the latter can enhance the output power spectrum and reduce the additional noise because of the interference.
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Entanglement between optical fields and microwave signals can be used as a quantum optical sensing technique to detect received microwave signals from a low-reflecting object which is encompassed by a bright thermal environment. Here, we introduce and analyze an optomechanical system for detecting weak reflected microwave signals from an object of low reflectivity. In our system, coupling and consequently entanglement between microwave and optical photons are achieved by means of a plasmonic wave. The main problem that can be moderated in the field of quantum optical sensing of weak microwave signals is suppressing the destructive effect of high temperatures on the entanglement between microwave signals and optical photons. For this purpose, we will show that our system can perform at high temperatures as well as low ones. It will be shown that the presence of the plasmonic wave can reduce the destructive effect of the thermal noises on the entanglement between microwave and optical photons. Also, we will show that the optomechanical interaction is vital to create an appropriate entanglement between microwave and optical photons.
Quantum squeezing-assisted noise suppression is a promising field with wide applications. However, the limit of noise suppression induced by squeezing is still unknown. This paper discusses this issue by studying weak signal detection in an optomechanical system. By solving the system dynamics in the frequency domain, we analyze the output spectrum of the optical signal. The results show that the intensity of the noise depends on many factors, including the degree or direction of squeezing and the choice of the detection scheme. To measure the effectiveness of squeezing and to obtain the optimal squeezing value for a given set of parameters, we define an optimization factor. With the help of this definition, we find the optimal noise suppression scheme, which can only be achieved when the detection direction exactly matches the squeezing direction. The latter is not easy to adjust as it is susceptible to changes in dynamic evolution and sensitive to parameters. In addition, we find that the additional noise reaches a minimum when the cavity (mechanical) dissipation κ(γ) satisfies the relation κ = Nγ, which can be understood as the restrictive relationship between the two dissipation channels induced by the uncertainty relation. Furthermore, by taking into account the noise source of our system, we can realize high-level noise suppression without reducing the input signal, which means that the signal-to-noise ratio can be further improved.
A theoretical scheme is proposed to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio in ultrasensitive detection by quantum correlation in a composite optomechanical system. Introducing an auxiliary oscillator and treating it as an added probe for weak-field detection, the additional noise can be greatly suppressed, which may even break the standard quantum limit. A magnetic field is employed as an example to exhibit the detection capability of the scheme. The result shows that, compared with the traditional detection protocol, the scheme has a higher signal-to-noise ratio and a better detection accuracy. Furthermore, the signal intensity detection curve shows a good linearity. The results provide a promising platform for reducing the additional noise by utilizing quantum correlation in ultrasensitive detection.
Cavity optomechanical systems have emerged as a promising platform for quantum sensing. Quantum mechanics imposes a standard quantum limit (SQL) on the force-sensitivity for the standard homodyne phase quadrature measurement of the cavity's output field. In this paper, we investigate ways to enhance weak force sensitivity beyond SQL by employing a variational homodyne quadrature readout and quantum squeezing. Our study reveals a remarkable improvement in the force sensitivity of a cavity optomechanical sensor at a suitable homodyne angle, compared with standard phase quadrature detection of the cavity output field within a specific frequency band. We further demonstrate improved force sensitivity via intra-cavity squeezing (ICS) or injected external squeezing (IES) of the cavity mode. Both variational homodyne readout and quantum squeezing induce quantum correlations between the amplitude and phase quadratures of the cavity's output field, thereby improving force sensitivity. Our results suggest that IES is preferable to ICS for sub-SQL force sensing with system stability and lower probe power requirements. The squeezing-enhanced variational homodyne detection scheme can enable high-precision quantum sensing across various hybrid quantum platforms.
Abstract The optomechanical system has developed a significant breakthrough in quantum science, especially since it can further improve the precision and sensitivity of the measurement in the quantum region. Here, we study a feasible optomechanical proposal in a hybrid quantum system, which can ensure a quantum sensor with further enhanced sensitivity. With the joint assistance of microwave modifying and optical parametric amplification, the effective line width of this supermode is further reduced around the critical point, and it can therefore result in a resolvable spectrum to display a much weaker mechanical frequency shift, which is perhaps induced by a tiny mass or charged particles in this system. We also hope there might be some useful applications for this attempt in the area of quantum measurement.