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International Conference on Photonics, Optics and Laser Technology

Optical Bistability in Monolithic Two-sectioned InAs/InP Quantum-dash Laser

E. Alkhazraji, Mohd Sharizal Alias, M. Z. M. Khan

Published Jan 1, 2019• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Observation of optical bistability in a two-section InAs/InP quantum dash laser is reported. The hysteresis in the optical power-injection current (L-I) characteristics is found to vary with the absorber reverse bias condition. A reverse bias of −0.8 (0) V to the saturable absorber, a hysteresis of 32 (24) mW is measured when the injection current through the gain section is swept forward and backward. Moreover, the bistability is further affirmed through investigation of the lasing emission spectra at specific operating points.

DOI
10.5220/0007365100360038

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Observation of optical bistability in a two-section InAs/InP quantum dash laser is reported. The hysteresis in the optical power-injection current (L-I) characteristics is found to vary with the absorber reverse bias condition. A reverse bias of −0.8 (0) V to the saturable absorber, a hysteresis of 32 (24) mW is measured when the injection current through the gain section is swept forward and backward. Moreover, the bistability is further affirmed through investigation of the lasing emission spectra at specific operating points.
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Laser diode amplifiers exhibit optical bistability when biased just below lasing threshold, and have applications as optical memory elements and optical switches, due to their very low switching energy (fJ) and presence of optical gain. While LDAs operated in transmission have received much attention, the reflection mode of operation has been largely neglected. In this paper we present a detailed experimental and numerical investigation of Fabry Perot LDA (FP-LDA) behavior under light injection when operated in reflection. We observe transitions from anticlockwise to clockwise hysteresis with changing bias level or incident wavelength detuning. Moreover, we also report the first experimental observation of X-shaped (or butterfly hysteresis) in this system. Our results are in very good agreement with calculation.>
Quantum dot lasers can lase from the ground state only, simultaneously from both the ground and first excited states and from the excited state only. We examine the influence of optical injection at frequencies close to the ground state when the free-running operation of the device is excited state lasing only. We demonstrate the existence of an injection-induced bistability between ground state dominated emission and excited state dominated emission and the consequent hysteresis loop in the lasing output. Experimental and numerical investigations are in excellent agreement. Inhomogeneous broadening is found to be the underlying physical mechanism driving the phenomenon.
Bistable laser amplifiers are attractive for potential application in optical switching because of very low input optical requirement, high extinction ratio and the presence of optical gain. Optical bistability (OB) arises from gain saturation and the associated nonlinear refraction combined with the effect of feedback in the laser cavity. We present the experimental results of bistable characteristics for the case of a 1.55 /spl mu/m symmetric Fabry-Perot (F-P) laser amplifier with uncoated facets. This paper reports a particularly rich variety of behaviour for reflected signals. Three main forms of hysteresis loops are observed on reflection. The hysteresis loop changes from anticlockwise to clockwise hysteresis in the optical input-output characteristic when the drive current or initial phase detuning is changed. The butterfly hysteresis loop is observed experimentally at optical input power as low as 260 /spl mu/W for a drive current equal to 90% of the lasing threshold. The dependence of the optical bistability on drive current, initial phase detuning and injected optical power has been investigated. In the bistable light output-initial phase detuning characteristic, the optimum frequency is shifted downward with an increase in the injected power or the drive current. All measurements are in good agreement with an analytical model.
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