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Optical bistability in side-mode injection locked dual-mode Fabry-Pérot laser diode

Jian Wei Wu, Bikash Nakarmi, Tran Quoc Hoai, Yong Hyub Won

Published Aug 1, 2013• 7 citations

Abstract

In this paper, optical bistability characteristics are demonstrated experimentally based on a dual-mode laser system comprising a multi-mode Fabry-Pérot laser diode (MMFP-LD) and a built-in feedback cavity formed by a fiber facet. The results show that two lasing modes with frequency separation of ∼0.58 THz and comparable peak powers can be achieved by judicious adjustment of the bias current and the operating temperature of the laser chip, which has a peak fluctuation of less than ∼1 dBm over a measurement period of one hour. A combination of appropriate external injection power and wavelength detuning can result in remarkable optical bistability in two oscillation modes, in which the resulting contrast ratio between the unlocked and locked states can be up to 30 dB, and the corresponding hysteresis loop width can be changed by controlling the side-mode injection power and the wavelength detuning.

DOI: 10.1063/1.4818274

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Applied Physics Letters•Jul 4, 2011•24 citations

In this paper, optical bistability characteristics are demonstrated experimentally based on a dual-mode laser system comprising a multi-mode Fabry-Pérot laser diode (MMFP-LD) and a built-in feedback cavity formed by a fiber facet. The results show that two lasing modes with frequency separation of ∼0.58 THz and comparable peak powers can be achieved by judicious adjustment of the bias current and the operating temperature of the laser chip, which has a peak fluctuation of less than ∼1 dBm over a measurement period of one hour. A combination of appropriate external injection power and wavelength detuning can result in remarkable optical bistability in two oscillation modes, in which the resulting contrast ratio between the unlocked and locked states can be up to 30 dB, and the corresponding hysteresis loop width can be changed by controlling the side-mode injection power and the wavelength detuning.

In this paper, we observe experimentally the optical bistability induced by the side-mode injection power and wavelength detuning in a single mode Fabry—Pérot laser diode (SMFP-LD). Results show that the bistability characteristics of the dominant and injected modes are strongly dependent on the injected input optical power and wavelength detuning in an SMFP-LD. We observe three types of hysteresis loops: counterclockwise, clockwise, and butterfly hysteresis with various loop widths. In the case of a bistability loop caused by injection power, the transition from counterclockwise to clockwise in the hysteresis direction with the wavelength detuning from 0.028 nm to 0.112 nm is observed in a way of butterfly hysteresis for the dominant mode by increasing the wavelength detuning. The width of hysteresis loop, induced by wavelength detuning is also changed while the injection power is enhanced from −7 dBm to −5 dBm.

In this Letter, we present a detailed theoretical and experimental investigation of optical bistability and tristability in dual injection-locked Fabry-Perot laser diodes. The proposed device can be reconfigured between the bistable and tristable regimes, simply by adjusting the power level of the injected control optical signal. The tristability presented in the experiment is achieved for relatively low optical input powers between 1.03 and 1.25 mW, with the output signal ratio of up to 7 dB between stable states. Such a device is a potential candidate for designing trits, a bit analogy in ternary computational logic.

All-optical bistability based on injection locked Fabry-Perot semiconductor laser (FP-LD) and its application in all-optical storage are studied in this paper. Injection locking of FP-LD is experimentally studied in this paper. The output power characteristic of injection locked FP-LD is analyzed experimentally, showing that threshold width of hysteresis loop and the extinction-ratio are influenced by the difference in the injection optical-wavelength detuning. Furthermore, 2.5 GHz optical storage with 10 Gb/s input signal is realized by reasonably setting the control signal power. The feasibility of implementing high-speed all-optical storage is verified by using the injection locked FP-LD, which shows great applicability to the field of high speed optical fiber communication.

We present what is to our knowledge the first study of optical bistability in Fabry-Perot laser-diode amplifiers that have asymmetric facet reflectivities. When operated in reflection, the light input-light output characteristics exhibit a transition from counterclockwise to clockwise hysteresis by way of an X-shaped or butterfly hysteresis. This transition can be achieved by a change in either the device bias or the phase detuning of the incident light. Our results are in good agreement with calculation.