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Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute

Microwave Spectroscopy of Ultracold Thulium Atoms

D. A. Pershin, V. V. Tsyganok, Vitaly V. Yaroshenko, Vladimir Khlebnikov, E. T. Davletov, Evgeniy L. Svechnikov, В. Н. Сорокин, Polina V. Kapitanova, Alexey V. Akimov

Published Dec 1, 2018• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Magnetic fields are one of the main tools for controlling the interaction of ultracold atoms using the so-called Feshbach resonances. However, the accurate knowledge of magnetic fields within the high-vacuum chamber is significantly complicated due to the inexact knowledge of the setup geometry, the presence of magnetic parts, and other. In this paper, we demonstrate precision calibration of magnetic fields in the high-vacuum setup using microwave spectroscopy of the ground state of ultracold thulium atoms.

DOI
10.3103/s1068335618120023

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Magnetic fields are one of the main tools for controlling the interaction of ultracold atoms using the so-called Feshbach resonances. However, the accurate knowledge of magnetic fields within the high-vacuum chamber is significantly complicated due to the inexact knowledge of the setup geometry, the presence of magnetic parts, and other. In this paper, we demonstrate precision calibration of magnetic fields in the high-vacuum setup using microwave spectroscopy of the ground state of ultracold thulium atoms.
Recently, the thulium atom was cooled down to the Bose-Einstein condensation temperature, thus opening a pathway to quantum simulation with this atom. However, successful simulations require instruments to control and read out states of the atom as well as the ability to control the interaction between either different species or different states of the same type of species. In this paper, we provide an experimental demonstration of high-fidelity (over 93%) manipulation of the ground-state magnetic levels of thulium, which utilizes a simple and efficient design of a microwave (MW) antenna. The coherence time and dephasing rate of the energetically highest hyperfine level of the ground state were also examined.
We measure high-resolution Feshbach resonance spectra for ultracold cesium atoms colliding in different hyperfine and magnetic sublevels. More than 25 resonances are observed for magnetic fields up to 230 G and their positions are measured with an accuracy down to 0.03 G. From these spectra several ground-state molecular interaction parameters can be extracted with sufficient accuracy to permit for the first time an unambiguous and accurate determination of cesium's ultracold collision properties [P. J. Leo, C. J. Williams, and P. S. Julienne, following Letter, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 2721 (2000)].
Abstract Dipolar ultracold gases are of great interest for quantum simulation experiments. The first step of such a simulation is deep cooling of atoms in a pre-specified internal state. The results of detailed studies of the formation of a spin-polarized cloud of thulium atoms in a dipole trap are presented. We have calibrated the magnetic field by means of radio-frequency Zeeman spectroscopy and measured the polarization of atoms in an optimized trap by the beam expansion method in a magnetic field gradient based on this calibration. We have obtained 1.1 × 106 atoms at a temperature of 27 μK with polarization 〈mF〉 = –3.95 ± 0.12.
We have observed and located more than 60 magnetic field-induced Feshbach resonances in ultracold collisions of ground-state 133Cs^{133}\mathrm{Cs}133Cs atoms. Multiple extremely weak Feshbach resonances associated with ggg-wave molecular states are detected through variations in the radiative collision cross sections. The Feshbach spectroscopy allows us to determine the interactions between ultracold cesium atoms and the molecular energy structure near the dissociation continuum with unprecedented precision. Our work not only represents a very successful collaboration of experimental and theoretical efforts, but also provides essential information for cesium Bose-Einstein condensation, Cs2{\mathrm{Cs}}_{2}Cs2​ molecules, and atomic clock experiments.
We report the observation of influence of homogeneous magnetic field on an optical lattice losses of ultracold thulium atoms. The atomic cloud temperature was T = 15 mK. The dependence of trap population on a value of magnetic field has a broad resonance in the low-field region with a center at B = 0.4 G. We also have measured a decrease of optical lattice lifetime in a presence of resonance magnetic field. The observed magnetically-induced trap losses are assumed to be Feshbach resonance which is a dependence of an atomic scattering length on magnetic field.