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EPJ Web of Conferences

Observation of Magnetically Induced Trap Loss of Ultracold Thulium Atoms

Елена Сергеевна Калганова, Gulnara A. Vishnyakova, Artem A. Golovizin, Dmitry O. Tregubov, Денис Дмитриевич Сукачев, Alexey V. Akimov, N. Kolachevsky, Ksenia Yu. Khabarova, В. Н. Сорокин

Published Jan 1, 2015• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report the observation of influence of homogeneous magnetic field on an optical lattice losses of ultracold thulium atoms. The atomic cloud temperature was T = 15 mK. The dependence of trap population on a value of magnetic field has a broad resonance in the low-field region with a center at B = 0.4 G. We also have measured a decrease of optical lattice lifetime in a presence of resonance magnetic field. The observed magnetically-induced trap losses are assumed to be Feshbach resonance which is a dependence of an atomic scattering length on magnetic field.

DOI
10.1051/epjconf/201510306003

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We report the observation of influence of homogeneous magnetic field on an optical lattice losses of ultracold thulium atoms. The atomic cloud temperature was T = 15 mK. The dependence of trap population on a value of magnetic field has a broad resonance in the low-field region with a center at B = 0.4 G. We also have measured a decrease of optical lattice lifetime in a presence of resonance magnetic field. The observed magnetically-induced trap losses are assumed to be Feshbach resonance which is a dependence of an atomic scattering length on magnetic field.
We report on experiments with ultracold chromium atoms. Preparing a cloud of 52Cr atoms in a crossed optical dipole trap (CODT) and applying magnetic fields between 4 and 600 G, we observe 14 Feshbach resonances by the occurrence of increased atom loss at distinct magnetic field values. A comparison with theory taking only dipole–dipole coupling into account shows very good agreement between experimental and theoretical resonance positions and allows us to extract the s-wave scattering lengths a 6=112(14) a 0, a 4= 58(6) a 0, a 2=−7(20) a 0 of the involved molecular potentials as well as the dispersion coefficients C 6= 733(70) au and au. The strongest resonance at 589 G has a calculated width of 1.7 G and reveals a three-body loss coefficient below L 3, max∼3×10−36 m6 s−1. Further evaporative cooling within the CODT leads to the formation of a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) with up to 100 000 condensed atoms. The magnetic dipole–dipole interaction between the Cr atoms is so strong that, as a first mechanical manifestation of dipole–dipole interaction, we observe a modification of the condensate expansion which depends on the alignment of the atomic magnetic dipoles with respect to the axis of the CODT. This magnetostrictive effect is in very good agreement with the theory of dipolar quantum gases and shows that a Cr-BEC is an excellent model system to study dipole–dipole interactions in degenerate quantum gases.
For the first time ultra-cold thulium atoms were trapped in a magnetic quadrupole trap with a small field gradient (20 Gs cm -1 ). The atoms were loaded from a cloud containing 4 × 10 5 atoms that were preliminarily cooled in a magneto-optical trap to the sub-Doppler temperature of 80 μK. As many as 4 × 10 4 atoms were trapped in the magnetic trap at the temperature of 40 μK. By the character of trap population decay the lifetime of atoms was determined (0.5 s) and an upper estimate was obtained for the rate constant of inelastic binary collisions for spin-polarised thulium atoms in the ground state (g in < 10 -11 cm 3 s -1 ).
Recent studies demonstrated anomalous temperature shifts for some Fano-Feshbach resonances of thulium atoms. These anomalies were explained by the variation in light intensity in the optical dipole trap, which accompanied changes in temperature. In addition, a temperature-related transformation of the statistics of the inter-resonance spacing was demonstrated [Aikawa et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 210401 (2012)]. Here, we analyze the shifts of isolated sss- and ddd-type Fano-Feshbach resonances of ultracold thulium atoms with temperature for a fixed depth of an optical dipole trap. The measurements are consistent with the three-body recombination-based theory of the temperature-related resonance shift and enable the extraction of the resonance parameters, particularly the magnetic moments of closed channel states. This parameter and the known polarizability of the open channel enable us to separate the contributions of the temperature and Stark shift to the overall shift of the resonances and show the dominant role of the Stark effect in the overall shift.
We report a dramatic magnetic-field dependence in the lifetime of trapped, ultracold diatomic molecules created through an s-wave Feshbach resonance between fermionic atoms. The molecule lifetime increases from less than 1 ms away from the Feshbach resonance to greater than 100 ms near resonance. We also have measured the trapped atom lifetime as a function of magnetic field near the Feshbach resonance; we find that the atom loss is more pronounced on the side of the resonance containing the molecular bound state.
We have experimentally studied the magnetic-field dependence of the decay of a Bose-Einstein condensate of metastable 4{}^{4}4He atoms confined in an optical dipole trap, for atoms in the m=+1m=+1m=+1 and $m=\ensuremath{-}1$ magnetic substates, and up to 450 G. Our measurements confirm longstanding calculations of the two-body loss rate coefficient that show an increase above 50 G. We demonstrate that for $m=\ensuremath{-}1$ atoms decay is due to three-body recombination only, with a three-body loss rate coefficient of $6.5{(0.4)}_{\mathrm{stat}}{(0.6)}_{\mathrm{sys}}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}27}$ cm6{}^{6}6s${}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, which is interesting in the context of universal few-body theory. We have also searched for a recently predicted ddd-wave Feshbach resonance, but did not observe it.