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Joint Conference of the European Frequency and Time Forum and IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (EFTF/IFCS)

A Cold-Atom Optical Frequency Standard for Optical Fiber Communication by Using an Erbium-Fiber-Based Frequency Comb

Haoyuan Lu, Jianxiao Leng, Ping Guo, Jianye Zhao, Jianhui Tu, Dayong Chen

Published May 1, 2018• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate an approach of cold-atom frequency standard based on the two-photon transition (TPT) in rubidium (Rb), using an Erbium-fiber-based Frequency Comb. By introducing the technique of laser cooling and atoms trapping, our scheme can eliminate most of Doppler-broadening background. The fractional stability of the frequency standard can reach 6×10-12 and 4.5×10-13 at 1 s and 1000 s. This system has many applications, particularly for optical fiber communication.

DOI
10.1109/fcs.2018.8597467

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We demonstrate an approach of cold-atom frequency standard based on the two-photon transition (TPT) in rubidium (Rb), using an Erbium-fiber-based Frequency Comb. By introducing the technique of laser cooling and atoms trapping, our scheme can eliminate most of Doppler-broadening background. The fractional stability of the frequency standard can reach 6×10-12 and 4.5×10-13 at 1 s and 1000 s. This system has many applications, particularly for optical fiber communication.
We propose to utilize an Er-doped fiber laser locked to a cooled Rb two-photon transition (TPT) resonance as a frequency standard for fiber-based optical communication. We show experimentally that a continuous wave laser beam can enhance the strength of cooled Rb TPT as much as 2.5 times. The cooled Rb TPT resonance excited by the fiber frequency combs has a measured linewidth of about 900 kHz. After locking the repetition rate of the fiber laser to the cooled Rb TPT resonance, the stability reaches 1.5×10−13 with 100 s averaging time. The results demonstrate that the proposed method in this paper is promising to provide the radio frequency standard for fiber-based optical communication.
We demonstrated the observation of cold rubidium atom two-photon transition excitation by a fiber optical frequency comb. In addition to this, we optimized the repetition rate of optical frequency comb to enhance two-photon intensity by controlling cavity length and pump source of optical comb. This technique can fine tune repetition rate to corresponding stepwise two-photon transition resonance frequency and improve the transition intensity by three times. This method is useful in Doppler laser cooling and detection of macromolecules.
We present the observation of the Rb two-photon spectrum directly excited by an Er:fiber laser comb in a hot atomic vapor system. The influences of the atomic velocity distribution on direct and sequential two-photon transitions are discussed respectively and a combination of corresponding spectral control techniques is developed to eliminate the Doppler broadening background. A direct frequency comb spectroscopy is obtained with high-resolution two-photon transition lines. These techniques would benefit spectroscopy measurement in hot atomic vapor systems, and pave the way for establishing a high-stability optical frequency comb in 1.5 $\ensuremath{\mu}$m optical communication bands based on the Rb two-photon transitions.
We demonstrate an approach to create a stable erbium-fiber-based frequency comb at communication band by directly locking the combs to two rubidium atomic transitions resonances (electromagnetically induced transparency absorption and two-photon absorption), respectively. This approach directly transfers the precision and stability of the atomic transitions to the comb. With its distinguishing feature of compactness by removing the conventional octave-spanning spectrum and f-to-2f beating facilities and the ability to directly control the comb's frequency at the atomic transition frequency, this stable optical comb can be widely used in optical communication, frequency standard, and optical spectroscopy and microscopy.
Spectroscopy of the rubidium 5P3/2 yields 4D5/2 transition near 1.529 micrometers has been performed using a single-longitudinal-mode erbium-doped fiber laser. Rubidium atoms were laser-cooled and confined in a vapor-cell Zeeman optical trap. This produced a dense sample of cold atoms and reduce the Doppler broadening of the transition to less than the natural linewidth. Transition linewidths of 10 MHz were observed on the 5P3/2 yields 4D5/2 transition and the fiber laser was actively stabilized to the 5P3/2, F equals 3 yields 4D5/2, F' equals 3 line of 87Rb.
We demonstrate the direct frequency comb spectroscopy of Rb 5S→5D two-photon transitions directly excited by an optical frequency comb (OFC) in 1.5 μm fiber communication bands. A chain of comb spectral manipulation and quantum coherence control is implemented to enhance the efficiency of second harmonic OFC generation and eliminate the Doppler-broadening background. The direct frequency comb spectroscopy with clearly resolved transition lines is obtained. Our scheme provides a potential approach to realize the OFC at ~1.5 μm with high stability and accuracy.