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Quantum Computing vs. Conventional Computing: Near-Term Solution is Smart Distributed Systems

Seyed M. H. Mansourbeigi, Stephen W. Clyde

Published Jan 1, 2016• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Are we getting to the end of Moore's law????? Moore's law which is held for 50 years tells computer power doubling every 18 months may begin to expire in the next 10 or so years. Imagine you buy a computer having the same power as the last year and the year before last year. Would you buy a new computer? Or upgrade? The present computer model is CPU with I/O's and combination of logical gates, and software which controls these I/O's based on finite automata and Turing machine. Basically the above hard-ware software model manipulates the 0 and 1 bits.

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Are we getting to the end of Moore's law????? Moore's law which is held for 50 years tells computer power doubling every 18 months may begin to expire in the next 10 or so years. Imagine you buy a computer having the same power as the last year and the year before last year. Would you buy a new computer? Or upgrade? The present computer model is CPU with I/O's and combination of logical gates, and software which controls these I/O's based on finite automata and Turing machine. Basically the above hard-ware software model manipulates the 0 and 1 bits.
The paper aim to describe the futuristic perspective of technology that will govern the aspects of our lives. The computers of today would soon start to become decapacitated as the needs, requirements and our dependency on technology continues to evolve. The study makes an attempt to look for the possible futuristic ideas that would aid this massive technological dependence. The ever-growing technology has proved beneficial to mankind however, we should have a glimpse of the next big thing. With the fall in Moore’s law and the rise of quantum computing it has now become a necessity that the new options and opportunities must be examined. The term "quantum computing" refers to a sort of computing whose processes may exploit the processes of quantum physics, such as superposition, interference, and entanglement. Quantum computing is a relatively new field of research. Moore's Law is a model of technical economics that has enabled the information technology sector to roughly double the functionality and performance of digital devices every two years while retaining the same cost, power, and space. This paper is merely a small cog in this long chain of futuristic possibilities.
In 1965, Gordon Moore, one of the founders of Intel, based on practical observations suggested that the number of transistors on a chip will continue to double roughly every 24 months. This forecast is called "Moore's Law," which is familiar to those skilled in the field of microelectronics. After 40 years, the law continues to operate despite the beginning as far back as the 1980s, attempts to challenge the forecast made. In the published translation of an article from the journal "Proceedings of the IEEE" (N 8, Vol. 96, 2008) it is indicated the time limit of this law, which results from the unquestionable principles of quantum mechanics.
For the last fifty years computers have grown faster, smaller, and more powerful transforming and benefiting our society in ways too numerous to count.But like any exponential explosion of resources, this growthknown as Moore's lawmust soon come to an end.Research has already begun on what comes after our current computing revolution.This research has discovered the possibility for an entirely new type of computer, one that operates according to the laws of quantum physicsa quantum computer..In this paper, the author will discuss quantum computing and quantum key exchange protocol (BB84) that can be used to securely exchange keys.
The first computer originated as an ordinary calculator in 19th century. Subsequently, the rapid evolution of computers began. The massive amount of processing power generated by computer manufacturers has always failed to quench the thirst for speed and computing capacity. If, as Moore's Law states, the number of transistors on a microprocessor continues to double every 18 months, then soon we will find the circuits on a microprocessor being measured on an atomic scale. Today's advanced lithographic techniques can squeeze fraction of micron wide logic gates and wires onto the surface of silicon chips. Thus it can be seen that very soon we will be facing the need to create quantum computers which can harness the power of atoms and molecules to perform memory and processing tasks. Quantum computers have the potential to perform calculations a billion times faster than any silicon-based computer. Also, theories suggest that every physical object, even the universe, is in some sense a quantum computer. If this is the case, then according to Turing's work which says that all computers are functionally equivalent; computers should be able to model every physical process. Scientists have already built basic quantum computers that can perform certain calculations; but a practical quantum computer is still years away. In this paper, we will be discussing about the history, development and the future scope of quantum computing. The pros and cons of this future technology have also been compared and our analysis has been put forth.
In the preceding chapter we established that a suitable set of quantum gates, complemented by quantum error correction, allows us to produce a desired multiqubit unitary transformation. This transformation is one of the three steps in a quantum computation; the others, of course, are the preparation of the qubits in their initial state and the measurement of them after the transformation has been implemented. A quantum computation is designed to solve a problem or class of problems. The power of quantum computers is that they can do this, at least for some problems, very much more efficiently and quickly than any conventional computer based on classical logic operations. If we can build a quantum computer then a number of important problems which are currently intractable will become solvable. The potential for greatly enhanced computational power is, in itself, reason enough to study quantum computers, but there is another. Moore’s law is the observation that the number of transistors on a chip doubles roughly every eighteen months. A simple corollary is that computer performance also doubles on the same timescale. Associated with this exponential improvement is a dramatic reduction in the size of individual components. If the pace is to be kept up then it is inevitable that quantum effects will become increasingly important and ultimately will limit the operation of the computer. In these circumstances it is sensible to consider the possibility of harnessing quantum effects to realize quantum information processors and computers. We start with a brief introduction to the theory of computer science, the principles of which underlie the operation of what we shall refer to as classical computers. These include all existing machines and any based on the manipulation of classical bits. The development of computer science owes much to Turing, who devised a simple but powerful model of a computing device: the Turing machine. It its most elementary form, this consists of four elements. (i) A tape for data storage, which acts as a memory. This tape has a sequence of spaces, each of which has on it one of a finite set of symbols. (ii) A processor, which controls the operations of the machine.