For the last fifty years computers have grown faster, smaller, and more powerful transforming and benefiting our society in ways too numerous to count.But like any exponential explosion of resources, this growthknown as Moore's lawmust soon come to an end.Research has already begun on what comes after our current computing revolution.This research has discovered the possibility for an entirely new type of computer, one that operates according to the laws of quantum physicsa quantum computer..In this paper, the author will discuss quantum computing and quantum key exchange protocol (BB84) that can be used to securely exchange keys.
For the last fifty years computers have grown faster, smaller, and more powerful transforming and benefiting our society in ways too numerous to count.But like any exponential explosion of resources, this growthknown as Moore's lawmust soon come to an end.Research has already begun on what comes after our current computing revolution.This research has discovered the possibility for an entirely new type of computer, one that operates according to the laws of quantum physicsa quantum computer..In this paper, the author will discuss quantum computing and quantum key exchange protocol (BB84) that can be used to securely exchange keys.
As quantum computing matures, it's going to bring unimaginable increases in computational power along with the systems we use to protect our data (and our democratic processes) will become even more vulnerable. It is often said that the power of quantum computer comes from the quantum parallelism, which means instead of processing each input one by one, processor process each input parallelly. Quantum mechanics allow us to do an operation on a superposition of all the possible inputs at the same time. The classical computers have enabled amazing things, but there are still some problems we can’t easily solve like-2^N(optimization problems where it grows exponentially). For transferring the information the protocols are very essential for security. An example is quantum key distribution, and its protocols are like -BB84, SARG04, B92 etc. Moreover, quantum cryptography has proved its standing against many weaknesses in the classical cryptography. One of these weaknesses is the ability to copy any type of information using a passive attack without an interruption, which is impossible in the quantum system.
There are signs that we are approaching a technical revolution that might take humankind’s computational capabilities to a new level. Quantum Computing leverages the principles of quantum mechanics, enabling the computational power to solve specific problems currently intractable for classical computers (e.g., cracking cryptographic keys). Since we are getting to a point where we can no longer build smaller, more powerful, more efficient devices with conventional methodologies, we need to think of new ways for technological progress. The manufacturing of microchips is reaching its limits in the use of traditional architectures. Hence, new and more advanced technologies need to address the challenges of increasing energy consumption and data processing. Connectivity, scalable architectures and concepts like Cloud Computing and Software-as-a-Service have already helped to scale computational-intense applications in the last years and have attracted the interest of IS researchers (e.g., Benlian et al. 2009 ; Benlian et al. 2018 ; Messerschmidt and Hinz 2013 ). Looking ahead to the next generation, computing will comprise technologies that enable high-performance applications far beyond today’s possibilities. One prominent example with a disruptive potential is Quantum Computing. While there are abundant open questions and directions for further developments, researchers in this area have made substantial progress in the last decade, indicating that, after medical imaging, lasers, and superconductors, another quantum-technological innovation might be approaching. We, therefore, intend to provide an overview of the current state of Quantum Computing research and outline how this new technology might stimulate research in Information Systems.
This paper explores the potential of quantum computing to revolutionize cryptographic key generation and secure transmission. Traditional cryptographic methods are increasingly vulnerable to attacks from powerful classical computers, particularly those leveraging Shor's algorithm. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) offers a fundamentally different approach, exploiting the laws of quantum mechanics to guarantee secure key exchange. This work details a proposed system leveraging quantum computing principles for enhanced key generation and secure transmission. We outline a system architecture based on a modified BB84 protocol, incorporating quantum computation to improve key rate and security against eavesdropping. The core claim is the utilization of quantum computing's characteristics to generate secure cryptographic keys and achieve secure key transmission. The core mechanism is based on a quantum key distribution protocol, generating and transmitting keys. This research presents a novel approach to key management, addressing the vulnerabilities of current systems and paving the way for robust, future-proof cryptography. The system's design includes a quantum computer for key generation, a classical channel for key distribution, and error correction protocols to mitigate noise. ---
Secure and efficient communication between two parties always incents scholars for further research. Creation of such a means of communication yields commercial benefits for our society. With the creation of a quantum computer, some classical protocols used for secure communication is no longer secure. Quantum key distribution is created to solve this problem. Although a quantum key distribution protocol is in theory guaranteed to be secure, there has been ways to breach its security in real life application. Since the creation of the first quantum key distribution protocol, there has been a rival between the defending and attacking side of quantum key distribution. In this paper, we first seek to discuss the basics of the first quantum key distribution protocol. Secondly, we discuss about the attacks against that protocol and the modifications made to the protocol in response to these attacks. Currently, researchers have permanently closed one side of the implementation loophole that could give rise to potential means of hacking of the protocol.
The presented scientific research is the continuation of authors study is presented in [1], where the attempt for forecasting of quantum supermacy was presented. Appearance on few last years of mass introductions of new generation processors from one side and increase of qubits quantity from another side allow to enter corrections to prognoses. Breach introductions on last years create possibility to solve principally new problems, partially, in the field of minimization/nanomization of calculations. At the same time, such inventions put before us new difficulties, in particular in relation to the changes of rules at physics of cooperation of numerical elements and transfer of information [1-5]. We live at the epoch of next turn – cybernetics technologies – epoch of industrial revolution 4.0. The dynamics of new conceptions, methods and corresponding opportunities (theoretical and applied developments) appearance rapidly head for a point, when the society reaches to the moment, when conformities to law, which serve during centuries as science support will not able anymore describe the rules of cybernetic systems functioning and possibility to provide for information flows in 10-15 years confidently already today it is impossible to forecast, because principles of it distribution can be founded on principally new models, which are not developed today [4-6]. Researchers promise to solve complex numerical problems using quantum computers, when the problem of their up-scaling will be solved [6]. Similar to first digital computers, quantum computers can provide powerfull technologies in million one times more powerful, than present systems, but the key to success will consist in the transition from real problem-solving to quantum calculations
Abstract A new class of computers, so-called quantum computers, will soon be able to crack common encryption algorithms. Quantum key distribution is a promising solution to stay secure in the age of the quantum computer, which is progressively getting industrialized in recent years. Worldwide, point-to-point quantum key distribution links are combined into larger and larger testbed networks, which approach more and more commercially usable networks. Topics like certification and standardization have become increasingly important for quantum key distribution.