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Laser Physics

Atomic dephasing and coherence controlled tuning of the triple color scattering light using Autler–Townes triplet emission spectroscopy

Gul Tiaz, Ishaq Ahmad, Fazal Ghafoor

Published Dec 5, 2018• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract This study shows atomic dephasing and coherence controlled tuning of a triple color scattering light from a four-level atomic system into the ones of single and double color when the system is cyclically coupled with one microwave field and two optical fields. The scattering light with the symmetric double resonance in the latter case tunes into two distinct features of the asymmetric Fano-like resonance using relative phase of the coupling fields and vice versa. The asymmetric resonance, in each case, agrees excellently with the original formulation of Fano (1961 Phys. Rev . 124 1866). The coherence tuning of the resonances, caused by the constructive interference effect in the spectrum, is analyzed analytically. Distinct in the technique, we further show atomic dephasing-induced tuning of the symmetric double and asymmetric single Fano-like resonance into a Lorentzian like statistical behavior. Upon adjusting the relative amplitude of the coupling fields in favor of the resonance tuning, the triple color scattered light is controlled from a sharpened central single and broadened sides double line through central broadened single and sides sharpened double line.

DOI
10.1088/1555-6611/aaf05d

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Abstract This study shows atomic dephasing and coherence controlled tuning of a triple color scattering light from a four-level atomic system into the ones of single and double color when the system is cyclically coupled with one microwave field and two optical fields. The scattering light with the symmetric double resonance in the latter case tunes into two distinct features of the asymmetric Fano-like resonance using relative phase of the coupling fields and vice versa. The asymmetric resonance, in each case, agrees excellently with the original formulation of Fano (1961 Phys. Rev . 124 1866). The coherence tuning of the resonances, caused by the constructive interference effect in the spectrum, is analyzed analytically. Distinct in the technique, we further show atomic dephasing-induced tuning of the symmetric double and asymmetric single Fano-like resonance into a Lorentzian like statistical behavior. Upon adjusting the relative amplitude of the coupling fields in favor of the resonance tuning, the triple color scattered light is controlled from a sharpened central single and broadened sides double line through central broadened single and sides sharpened double line.
This paper shows coherence control of multiple electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and switching of a weak probe field through a five-level atomic medium. On the propagation, the probe field with triple resonance (EIT) converts into double- and single- resonance (EIT) by adjusting relative phase of two strong microwave- and optical- field when they are coupled with the medium cyclically and vice versa. This system becomes independent of the wave-vector mismatch of the strong coupling fields and subsequently of the Doppler effect upon coupling the coherent fields co-linearly. Distinct in aim, we further show dephasing induced switching from the single- through the triple colored destructive interference into the ones of the constructive interference in the absorption spectrum to exhibit, in each case, the statistical behavior of a Lorentzian and vice versa.
Abstract A four-level atomic model is proposed to exhibit the evolution of Fano-like interference effect in the spontaneous emission spectrum of Autler-Townes (AT) doublet when the atom is initially prepared in the phase-dependent superposition of quantum states. By using this model, phase-dependent generation of a narrow spectral line within the AT-doublet is predicted. This feature is shown to be modified by the AT-peak-splitting effect. In addition, it has been also shown that the latter may be accompanied by an anomalous peak shifting effect, which is found to be obtained in a typical phase-coherent atomic ensemble or phaseonium under consideration. As a whole, the emission spectrum can be obtained with three peaks instead of two peaks associated with a sharp spectral hole as a consequence of the emergence of asymmetric Fano-like resonance. This is the most interesting outcome of the present study.
Abstract Coherence phenomena in a four-level atomic system, cyclically driven by three coherent fields, are investigated thoroughly at zero and weak magnetic fields. Each strongly interacting atomic state is converted to a triplet due to a dynamical Stark effect. Two dark lines with a Fano-like profile arise in the triplet absorption spectrum with anomalous dispersions. We provide conditions to control the widths of the transparency windows by means of the relative phase of the driving fields and the intensity of the microwave field, which closes the optical system loop. The effect of Doppler broadening on the results of the triplet absorption spectroscopy is analysed in detail.
We have investigated the interaction between bichromatic optical fields and atomic transitions. We have considered both the interaction of a saturating bichromatic field in the form of a 100% amplitude-modulated field resonantly interacting with a single atomic transition as well as the interaction of a pair of 100% amplitude-modulated fields with two coupled atomic transitions. In our studies of a single atomic transition resonantly excited by a 100% amplitude-modulated field we have used a fully quantum-electrodynamical analysis to model the Autler-Townes effect induced by a bichromatic optical field. We find that the effect induced by a bichromatic field is markedly different from the effect produced by a monochromatic exciting field. We have derived analytic expressions for the bichromatic Autler-Townes absorption spectrum. The absorption spectrum consists of equally spaced lines spaced by the modulation frequency. The linewidths of neighboring lines alternate as functions of the field strength. Experimentally, we observed this spectrum for both resonant and detuned 100% amplitude-modulated driving fields by monitoring the absorption of a weak monochromatic field as it was tuned about the resonance frequency of the 3²P₃/₂(F = 3, mF = 3) ↔ 4²D₅/₂(F = 4, mF = 4) transition while driving the 3²S₁/₂(F = 2, mF = 2) ↔ 3²P₃/₂(F = 3, mF = 3) transition with a saturating 100% amplitude-modulated field. We found excellent agreement between our predicted and measured spectra. We then investigated the resonant interaction between a pair of 100% amplitude-modulated fields and two atomic transitions sharing a common atomic level. We considered both a three-level atomic cascade system and a three-level atomic lambda system. We examined the effect that the relative phase between the two modulations has on the rate at which the modulated fields are absorbed. We find that the saturated time-averaged field absorption exhibits parametric resonances in both the cascade and lambda systems. The time-averaged absorption is strongly dependent upon the relative phase of modulation between the two fields and for certain phase differences the time-averaged absorption can be enhanced over the maximum saturated absorption experienced by cw fields of the same time-averaged intensities. We also find that the stationary atomic response exhibits periodic oscillations and for the cascade system periodic two-photon inversions of up to 40% can be achieved. We further find dark absorption resonances as a function of phase in the lambda system. We analyze the results from the point of view of semi-classical adiabatic dressed states.
The Autler–Townes doublet and triplet spectroscopy are well known in the literature. Here, atomic systems for quartuplet, quintuplet emission spectroscopy and their linkages with the sodium atom are investigated for display of the corresponding spectra. We explore the involved fundamental processes of quantum interference in these systems by examining the Laplace transform of the corresponding state-vector subjected to steady coherent illumination in the rotating wave approximation and Weisskopf–Wigner treatment of spontaneous emission as a simplest probability loss. In the quartuplet (quintuplet), four (five) fields interact appropriately and resonantly with the five-level (six-level) atom. The spectral profile of the single decaying level, upon interaction with three (four) other levels, splits into four (five) destructively interfering dressed states generating three (four) dark lines in the spectrum. These dark lines divide the spectrum into four (five) spectral components (bright lines) whose widths are effectively controlled by the relative strength of the laser fields and the relative width of a single decaying level. The idea is also extended to higher-ordered spectroscopy. The apparent disadvantage of these schemes is the successive increase in the number of laser fields required for the strongly interactive atomic states. However, these complexities are naturally inherited and are the beauty of these atomic systems. They provide the foundations for the basic mechanisms of the quantum interference involved in the higher-ordered multiplet spectroscopy.
This paper investigates the microwave-synchronized fine-tuning of electromagnetically induced chirality in a four-level atomic system. The system is driven by two optical fields and one microwave field in an extended double-Λ configuration. Under low-density conditions, the system exhibits double electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), which can be controlled by adjusting the amplitudes of coupling fields and the phase of the microwave field. We show that, under suitable conditions of the coupling field amplitudes and microwave phase, the double EIT reduces to a single EIT as a result of multi-path quantum interference. These optical processes are elucidated using dressed-state analysis. In this context, we also examine the magnetic susceptibility and chiral coefficients. Furthermore, by incorporating local-field corrections for a high-density medium, we demonstrate broadband absorption-free negative refraction of the probe field, where neither the effective permittivity nor the permeability is required to be simultaneously negative.