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International Conference on Wireless Communications and Signal Processing (WCSP)

Mobility-based Physical-layer Key Generation Scheme for D2D Communications Underlaying Cellular Network

Yuelin Du, Jiaming Liu, Mingkai Chen, Lei Wang, Baoyu Zheng

Published Oct 1, 2018• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Due to extreme confidentiality and low computational load, physical-layer key has set off a revolution in security encryption. However, existing physical layer-key key researches rarely pay attention to the potential value of speed in random source selection. In this paper, we take the mobility characteristics of D2D devices as a random source to design physical-layer key. First of all, we establish a uniform scattering environment model in the cellular network and analyze the impact of D2D device’s speed on the parameters of the wireless channel. On this basis, we propose a mobility-based physical-layer key generation scheme and use Gaussian random vector for key extraction and analysis. Then, we analyze the performance of our scheme, derive the expressions such as key capacity and average key length(ASKL), and compare them with existing solutions through simulation. Finally, the relative results confirm the theoretical derivation and the advantages of our scheme.

DOI
10.1109/wcsp.2018.8555707

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Due to extreme confidentiality and low computational load, physical-layer key has set off a revolution in security encryption. However, existing physical layer-key key researches rarely pay attention to the potential value of speed in random source selection. In this paper, we take the mobility characteristics of D2D devices as a random source to design physical-layer key. First of all, we establish a uniform scattering environment model in the cellular network and analyze the impact of D2D device’s speed on the parameters of the wireless channel. On this basis, we propose a mobility-based physical-layer key generation scheme and use Gaussian random vector for key extraction and analysis. Then, we analyze the performance of our scheme, derive the expressions such as key capacity and average key length(ASKL), and compare them with existing solutions through simulation. Finally, the relative results confirm the theoretical derivation and the advantages of our scheme.
Key agreement is one the most essential steps when applying cryptographic techniques to secure device‐to‐device (D2D) communications. Recently, several PHY‐based solutions have been proposed by leveraging the channel gains as a common randomness source for key extraction in wireless networks. However, these schemes usually suffer a low rate of key generation and low entropy of generated key and rely on the mobility of devices. In this paper, a novel secret key extraction protocol is proposed by using interference in wireless D2D fading channel. It establishes symmetrical keys for two wireless devices by measuring channel gains and utilizing artificial jamming sent by the third party to change the measured value of channel gains. We give a theoretically reachable key rate of the proposed scheme from the viewpoint of the information theory. It shows that the proposed scheme can make hundred times performance gain than the existing approaches theoretically. Experimental results also demonstrate that the proposed scheme can achieve a secure key distribution with a higher key rate and key entropy compared with the existing schemes.
Physical layer secret key capacity is affected by such factors as additive noise, the time difference of channel sampling, terminal's moving speed, sampling period, and the number of samples, whose effects on the physical layer secret key capacity are analyzed quantitatively using the single-input single-output wireless channel over the uniform scattering environment. Specifically, a closed-form solution to the secret key capacity is derived to determine the constraints on the optimal sampling period. Analysis and simulation results reveal that the results can also be applied to the nonuniform scattering environment. Furthermore, the feasibility to utilize the physical layer secret key extraction techniques in the mobile communication systems is verified.
The fifth-generation mobile communication technology (5G) supports wireless data transmission across civil, commercial, industrial, and even military networks, where vast amounts of privacy data are constantly transmitted. However, the open nature of the air interface in 5G systems makes them vulnerable to various attacks. Physical-layer key generation (PKG) has been recognized as a highly promising technology for ensuring data security in 5G systems, while existing PKG schemes achieve low key entropy (i.e., low key randomness) due to poor channel probing and quantization. In this paper, we propose a PKG scheme with high key entropy, tailored to the unique characteristics of 5G systems. First, we design a channel probing method based on the demodulation reference signal in accordance with 5G standards, enhancing the similarity between channel measurements. Next, we introduce a quantization method based on local increment and monotonicity, which effectively leverages channel characteristics to achieve high-speed key generation and improve key entropy. Finally, we use both MATLAB simulation and real-world channel measurements to achieve comprehensive verification of the proposed scheme. The simulation results showed that the proposed scheme increases the key entropy by at least 25% with nearly the same key generation rate compared with existing PKG schemes for 5G systems. The experiment using real-world channel measurements also confirmed that the proposed scheme has higher key entropy.
Wireless physical layer security has attracted great attention in recent years. Although mobility is an intrinsic property of wireless networks, most of the existing works only consider static scenarios and the impact of mobility on wireless physical layer security is not well understood. To fill this gap, in this paper, we investigate physical layer security in the scenario with a random mobile receiver under Rayleigh fading channel. We consider a common scenario where a base station or access point communicates to a random mobile receiver with a passive eavesdropper in a circular region. The secrecy performances under three typical random mobility models are studied: random waypoint model (RWP); random direction model (RD); and border move model. We investigate the secrecy characteristics of the mobile user under steady-state running and provide a general analytical framework for computing the ergodic secrecy capacity. We derive tractable closed-form expressions of positive secrecy capacity probability and secrecy outage probability for RWP and RD mobility users, respectively. By comparing the secrecy performance of mobility with static case, we find that the RWP mobile user can achieve much better secrecy performance than the others. We then investigate the secrecy performance of RWP mobile user with pause time. Furthermore, the two types of secrecy improvement strategies for random mobile users are proposed. In the first strategy, a transmit subcell for RWP users is bounded. We allow the transmitter to communicate with the mobile user only when he is moving within the subcell. In the other strategy, the transmitter is turned on only when the evaluated secrecy performance reaches to a required level. We strike a good trade-off between the secrecy improvements and transmit outage probability. Extensive simulation results validate our theoretical analysis. Finally, we extend our framework to other realistic scenarios, including nodes moving in other shapes of areas, and multiple non-cooperative and cooperative eavesdroppers.
In this paper, we investigate secure D2D communications underlay cellular network using artificial noise. In wireless communications where a single eavesdropper is present, artificial noise can effectively degrade the eavesdropper performance and increase the secrecy rate. Since the user and the device share radio resources in an underlay network, it causes interference with each other. Thus, the sum secrecy rate of the user and the device are considered to enhance the entire network. In order to maximize the sum secrecy rate, we designed a precoding signal vector and an artificial precoding matrix and found the optimal power allocation for the signal and the artificial noise. Moreover, given the base station power, we obtained the upper limit of device power for achieving the corresponding secrecy rate.
User mobility is a major feature of wireless networks. At present, physical layer security research rarely considers the impact of user mobility on the physical layer security performance in the network. In this study, the authors propose a random mobile user physical layer security model and study the impact of random waypoint movement users on the security performance of the physical layer in wireless networks, in which an artificial noise security scheme under the multi‐antenna transmission model is considered. They derive the closed expression of positive secrecy capacity probability and secrecy outage probability under this model. The results prove that system security is enhanced because of the users’ mobility.