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IEEE VTS Asia Pacific Wireless Communications Symposium (APWCS)

Physical Layer Security using Artificial Noise in D2D Underlay Network

Seong-Hwan Hyun, Yeong-Jun Yoon, Seong-Cheol Kim

Published Aug 1, 2019• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate secure D2D communications underlay cellular network using artificial noise. In wireless communications where a single eavesdropper is present, artificial noise can effectively degrade the eavesdropper performance and increase the secrecy rate. Since the user and the device share radio resources in an underlay network, it causes interference with each other. Thus, the sum secrecy rate of the user and the device are considered to enhance the entire network. In order to maximize the sum secrecy rate, we designed a precoding signal vector and an artificial precoding matrix and found the optimal power allocation for the signal and the artificial noise. Moreover, given the base station power, we obtained the upper limit of device power for achieving the corresponding secrecy rate.

DOI
10.1109/vts-apwcs.2019.8851676

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In this paper, we investigate secure D2D communications underlay cellular network using artificial noise. In wireless communications where a single eavesdropper is present, artificial noise can effectively degrade the eavesdropper performance and increase the secrecy rate. Since the user and the device share radio resources in an underlay network, it causes interference with each other. Thus, the sum secrecy rate of the user and the device are considered to enhance the entire network. In order to maximize the sum secrecy rate, we designed a precoding signal vector and an artificial precoding matrix and found the optimal power allocation for the signal and the artificial noise. Moreover, given the base station power, we obtained the upper limit of device power for achieving the corresponding secrecy rate.
This paper presents an investigation of the secrecy capacity in device-to-device (D2D) enabled cellular network under the collusion of eavesdroppers. We provide the closed-form expressions for the probability of achieving non-zero secrecy capacity of the downlink channel between cellular base-station (BS) and user in the presence of D2D nodes and eavesdroppers. Furthermore, two techniques are used for the simple yet exact evaluation of the average secrecy rate using moment generating functions with and without interference. The impact of transmission factors, path loss exponents, and node density is analysed in numerical results. In contrast to the general notion of interference-aided secure communication, it has been shown that the interference does not impact the secrecy rate under the collusion of eavesdroppers.
This paper considers a cellular multiple-input multiple-output multiple-eavesdropper (MIMOME) channel, with a pair of single-antenna device-to-device (D2D) nodes working as an underlay. A novel eavesdropping scenario is studied in this paper, where the eavesdroppers intend to simultaneously overhear the cellular communication and the D2D communication. Our goal is to jointly optimize the covariance of confidential message and artificial noise, as well as the transmit power at the D2D transmitter, such that the sum secrecy rate is maximized, while satisfying the quality of service constraint on the D2D communication. This sum secrecy rate maximization (SSRM) problem is non-convex by nature. To handle it, an equivalent reformulation of this SSRM problem is introduced, wherein the resulting problem becomes primal decomposable and thus can be iteratively solved using an alternating optimization (AO) algorithm. Also, we prove that the AO algorithm is bound to converge to a stationary point of the primal SSRM problem. Furthermore, we extend the SSRM problem to a more general case with multiple pairs of D2D nodes. Again, the resulting problem is shown to be solvable by the AO algorithm, with provable convergence to the stationary point. Finally, numerical results are presented to verify the efficacy of our proposed method.
In this paper, by taking into account the requirements of information secrecy and transmission resiliency, we present a comprehensive scheme enabling secure device-to-device (D2D) networks, where a single-antenna transmitter communicates with a half-duplex single-antenna receiver in the presence of a passive eavesdropper and an adversary jammer. Motivated by physical layer security techniques, artificial noise injection scheme is proposed to ensure communication secrecy. To improve the resiliency against jamming attack, the D2D nodes utilize the frequency hopping technique. Under this system model, we examine the achievable ergodic secrecy rate (ESR) by deriving a new closed-form expression. Furthermore, the optimal power allocation between the artificial noise and data signal is studied for maximizing the ESR. Numerical examples and discussions are provided to depict the efficiency of our proposed scheme compared with the state-of-the-arts.
In this thesis, we study the physical layer security in downlink multi-user wireless networks. Traditionally, security has been addressed by cryptography at the higher layers of the communication stack. Security at the physical layer has been a major research topic in recent years. We study two different precoder designs alongside artificial noise (AN) to mitigate multi-user interference and deteriorate reception at the eavesdropper (Eve). We study the large scale analysis to calculate the secrecy sum-rate for these two cases and analyze the effect of AN on the system. First, we consider the worst case scenario, when eavesdropper's (Eve's) rate is not deteriorated by the interference caused by the legitimate users. Later, we investigate how interference from legitimate users would affect the large scale security sum rate. At the end, we assume more practical situation where the channel state information at the transmitter is not perfect due to feedback limitation and estimation error. We first study block diagonalization (BD) precoding. We derive the asymptotic secrecy sum-rate of BD for physical layer security in downlink multi-user wireless networks using artificial noise (AN). We first derive the secrecy sum-rate assuming that the channel of the eavesdropper is not known at the transmitter and derive the asymptotic secrecy sum-rate. Then we derive the optimum power allocation for asymptotic secrecy sum-rate. We design the system based on large scale analysis for different special cases. Simulation results show that the proposed precoders outperform channel inversion (CI) and regularized channel inversion (RCI) schemes at all SNRs. We also show that as the number of receive antennas of each user increases, the sum-rate gap between the proposed scheme and existing methods increases. We, then, study two methods of regularized block diagonalization (RBD) precoding using artificial noise (AN) for physical layer security in downlink multi-user MIMO wireless networks. We compare the complexity analysis of these two methods in terms of floating point operations per second (FLOPS). We derive the secrecy and asymptotic secrecy sum-rates for these schemes. We also derive closed form expressions for the asymptotic optimal power allocation to the AN signal and legitimate users. Simulations show RBD precoding outperform regularized channel inversion (RCI) in terms of secrecy sum-rate with a margin of 0.5 bits/s/Hz. Also, simulation results show our closed-form asymptotic secrecy sum-rates matches closely with the simulations for perfect and imperfect CSIT. We also study the effect of interference on BD precoding scheme. In the first two studies the worst case scenarios was considered and the effect of interference was not considered at the eavesdropper. We first derive the closed-form secrecy and asymptotic secrecy sum-rates for this scheme. Then, we derive the optimum power allocation. Using the derived optimum power allocation, we determine the conditions under which adding AN helps. We also investigate the optimum number of users, number of antennas at the eavesdropper, and the number of transmit antennas to fully study the conditions where using AN improves performance. We show that as the number of users increases or the number of receive antennas at the eavesdropper decreases, improved performance is achieved by allocating a smaller fraction of the total power to transmit the AN. The closed form expressions for the secrecy sum rate (SSR) and optimum power allocation closely match our simulation results. In Chapter 5, we study the effect of imperfect channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT) for each case studied in earlier chapters. We first study the effect of imperfect CSIT for BD precoding in both scenarios when interference does and does not exist at eavesdropper. We show that the imperfect CSI play the same role as interference for the desired users. Then, we study the effect of imperfect CSIT for RBD precoding when interference does not exist at eavesdropper. We show as channel estimation error increases, the secrecy sum-rate decreases. This is due to the fact that channel estimation error just affects the desired users' rate and has no effect on eavesdropper's performance. Finally, in the last chapter, we conclude our thesis and provide some road map for future--Author's abstract
Recently, the use of artificial noise has attracted considerable attention in enhancing the physical-layer security of wireless systems. However, the interaction between artificially generated noise and the inherent network interference can significantly affect the level of secrecy. In this paper, we consider the additional secrecy enhancement with artificial noise and secrecy protected zone in the presence of eavesdroppers and interferers with unknown locations. Specifically, we derive the secrecy transmission rate and investigate the relationship between artificial noise and various system parameters like secrecy protected zone radius and intensity of interferers and eavesdroppers on the secrecy transmission rate. In interference-limited networks, we derive the optimal power allocation between the information-bearing signal and artificial noise to maximize the achievable secrecy transmission rate subject to connection and secrecy outage probabilities. Numerical results show that artificial noise is still beneficial in the presence of inherent network interference to improve secrecy transmission rate and provide rules of thumb to quantify when optimal power allocation is useful.
Underlay device-to-device (D2D) communication network is becoming a promising solution for the fifth generation (5G) and beyond wireless technology. It exploits the proximity of the D2D pairs and improves the overall network’s latency, capacity, and spectral efficiency by sharing/reusing the existing cellular resources. However, due to the frequency-sharing/reusing, the security of the device users (DUs) and the cellular users (CUs) becomes vulnerable. This paper presents a novel physical-layer security (PLS) scheme for the underlay multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) D2D communications in the presence of multiple eavesdroppers. The proposed new PLS scheme can significantly reduce the information leakage for both CUs and DUs by adopting a null steering scheme at the transmitter. A signal alignment technique is also employed to eradicate the stringent requirement of a larger number of transmitter antennas than that of the receiver antennas. A generalized nonlinear optimization problem has been formulated to improve the PLS performance for MIMO-D2D communications. A closed-form and generalized analytical expression of the secrecy outage probability for CUs and DUs is derived over the imperfect Nakagami-mmmand Norton fading channels. Theoretical and simulation results of our proposed new PLS scheme have shown significant improvement in the secrecy capacity and secrecy outage probability for both CUs and DUs in comparison with the existing methods.