Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications

Physical-Layer Security of Underlay MIMO-D2D Communications by Null Steering Method Over Nakagami- m and Norton Fading Channels

Ajay Kumar, Sudhan Majhi, Hsiao‐Chun Wu

Published Jun 7, 2022• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Underlay device-to-device (D2D) communication network is becoming a promising solution for the fifth generation (5G) and beyond wireless technology. It exploits the proximity of the D2D pairs and improves the overall network’s latency, capacity, and spectral efficiency by sharing/reusing the existing cellular resources. However, due to the frequency-sharing/reusing, the security of the device users (DUs) and the cellular users (CUs) becomes vulnerable. This paper presents a novel physical-layer security (PLS) scheme for the underlay multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) D2D communications in the presence of multiple eavesdroppers. The proposed new PLS scheme can significantly reduce the information leakage for both CUs and DUs by adopting a null steering scheme at the transmitter. A signal alignment technique is also employed to eradicate the stringent requirement of a larger number of transmitter antennas than that of the receiver antennas. A generalized nonlinear optimization problem has been formulated to improve the PLS performance for MIMO-D2D communications. A closed-form and generalized analytical expression of the secrecy outage probability for CUs and DUs is derived over the imperfect Nakagami-$m$and Norton fading channels. Theoretical and simulation results of our proposed new PLS scheme have shown significant improvement in the secrecy capacity and secrecy outage probability for both CUs and DUs in comparison with the existing methods.

DOI
10.1109/twc.2022.3178758

Related papers

Physical layer security in emerging wireless transmission systems

Tingnan Bao

Traditional cryptographic encryption techniques at higher layers require a certain form of information sharing between the transmitter and the legitimate user to achieve security. Besides, it also assumes that the eavesdropper has an insufficient computational capability to decrypt the ciphertext without the shared information. However, traditional cryptographic encryption techniques may be insufficient or even not suit- able in wireless communication systems. Physical layer security (PLS) can enhance the security of wireless communications by leveraging the physical nature of wireless transmission. Thus, in this thesis, we study the PLS performance in emerging wireless transmission systems. The thesis consists of two main parts. We first consider the PLS design and analysis for ground-based networks em- ploying random unitary beamforming (RUB) scheme at the transmitter. With RUB technique, the transmitter serves multiple users with pre-designed beamforming vectors, selected using limited channel state information (CSI). We study multiple-input single-output single-eavesdropper (MISOSE) transmission system, multi-user multiple-input multiple-output single-eavesdropper (MU-MIMOSE) transmission system, and massive multiple-input multiple-output multiple-eavesdropper (massive MI- MOME) transmission system. The closed-form expressions of ergodic secrecy rate and the secrecy outage probability (SOP) for these transmission scenarios are derived. Besides, the effect of artificial noise (AN) on secrecy performance of RUB-based transmission is also investigated. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the trade-off between performance and complexity of the resulting PLS design. We then investigate the PLS design and analysis for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based networks. We first study the secrecy performance of UAV-assisted relaying transmission systems in the presence of a single ground eavesdropper. We derive the closed-form expressions of ergodic secrecy rate and intercept probability. When multiple aerial and ground eavesdroppers are located in the UAV-assisted relaying transmission system, directional beamforming technique is applied to enhance the secrecy performance. Assuming the most general κ-μ shadowed fading channel, the SOP performance is obtained in the closed-form expression. Exploiting the derived expressions, we investigate the impact of different parameters on secrecy performance. Besides, we utilize a deep learning approach in UAV-based network analysis. Numerical results show that our proposed deep learning approach can predict secrecy performance with high accuracy and short running time.

•Jan 1, 2020•0 citations

Secrecy Outage Analysis by Applying Bi-directional Beamforming in Underlay MIMO-CRN

Nibedita Nandan, Sudhan Majhi

This paper presents the optimal physical-layer security scheme of both primary user (PU) and secondary user (SU) in the underlay multiple-input multiple-output cognitive-radio network (MIMO-CRN) by using bi-directional zero-forcing beamforming technique. The proposed method enables the PU to communicate along with the SU without sacrificing their individual secrecy capacity, i.e., without causing interference to each other in the presence of eavesdropper(s). In this method, a bi-directional beamforming has been applied to eradicate the necessity of involving artificial noise for preventing the active eavesdropper(s). Both theoretical and numerical analyses of the secrecy outage probability are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method. The secrecy outage probability is also derived to evaluate the performance variations of our proposed scheme when the channel-estimation error occurs.

International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC)•Jun 1, 2018•2 citations

Safeguarding NOMA Enhanced Cooperative D2D Communications via Friendly Jamming

Qiang Li, Pinyi Ren, Qinghe Du +2 more

This paper investigates the physical layer security of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) based cooperative device-to-device (D2D) communications in cellular networks. In the networks, D2D transmitter acts as a relay of cellular networks while transmitting its own information over the spectrum of cellular networks with NOMA technique. The information transmitted by D2D transmitter is overheard by an external eavesdropper. To prevent eavesdropping, a joint design of jamming and beamforming is performed from an aspect of the power control. Particularly, the full-duplex (FD) receiver of cellular networks emits the jamming signals to deteriorate the eavesdropper's channel while receiving the confidential signals from D2D transmitter. Beamforming is designed to protect the legitimate receivers against the jamming signals. Furthermore, the secrecy outage probability of the system (SOPS) is characterized and its closed-form expression is derived. Finally, numerical results are employed to validate the accuracy of the analytical results and the superiority of the proposed scheme in terms of security performance.

IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference•Sep 1, 2019•5 citations

Multicasting over Fisher Snedecor F Fading Channel: A Physical Layer Security Analysis

M. A. A. Masrur, A. S. M. Badrudduza, Md. Shakhawat Hossen +2 more

Device to Device (D2D) communication is going to be a promising wireless technology for 5G communication and beyond. So the security aspect of the D2D communication system has been the center of research for quite some time. Since Fisher Snedecor ${\mathcal{F}}$ fading channel is widely used to characterize the D2D communication scenarios, in this work, the data transmission security has been analyzed over Fisher Snedecor ${\mathcal{F}}$ fading channel while simultaneous transmission of same data to multiple receiving devices is considered with the appearance of multiple eavesdroppers. Secrecy performance is measured by deriving different closed-form analytical expressions. i.e. secure outage probability for multicasting, ergodic secrecy multicast capacity, and probability of non-zero secrecy multicast capacity. The adverse effect of both fading and shadowing has been mathematically characterized and solutions to these two problems are graphically represented. Finally, Monte-Carlo simulations are also done to prove the accuracy of the derived mathematical expressions of the proposed model.

International Conference on Automation, Control and Mechatronics for Industry 4.0 (ACMI)•Jul 8, 2021•1 citation

Maximizing Secrecy Capacity of Underlay MIMO-CRN Through Bi-Directional Zero-Forcing Beamforming

Nibedita Nandan, Sudhan Majhi, Hsiao‐Chun Wu

This paper presents the optimal physical-layer security scheme of both primary user (PU) and secondary user (SU) in the underlay multiple-input multiple-output cognitive-radio network (MIMO-CRN) by use of a bi-directional zero-forcing beamformer. The proposed new method enables the PU to communicate along with the SUs through a relay node without sacrificing their individual secrecy capacity, i.e., without causing interference to each other even in the presence of eavesdropper(s). In the first phase, a transmitting beamformer at the PU/SU transmitters and a receiving beamformer at the relay have been adopted to separate PU and SU data. In the second phase, a bi-directional beamformer has been applied to eradicate the necessity of involving artificial noise for preventing the active eavesdropper(s). To maximize the total secrecy capacity, a generalized non-linear optimization problem has been formulated and converted to a simplified constrained optimization problem by utilizing the beamformer and the associated subspace restriction. Then, this problem is solved by the Lagrangian method. Both theoretical and numerical analyses of the total and individual ergodic secrecy rates are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method. The secrecy outage probability is also derived to evaluate the performance variations of our proposed scheme when the channel-estimation error occurs.

IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications•Jun 20, 2018•27 citations

Physical Layer Security with Unknown Eavesdroppers in Beyond-5G MU-MIMO SATCOM

Matthias G. Schraml, Andreas Knopp

In multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MUMIMO) systems for beyond-5G, many user groups are served by the same transmitter in a time-based scheduling. Considering all unscheduled users as eavesdroppers puts a high complexity on algorithms to achieve physical layer security (PLS). Moreover, due to the Line-of-Sight channel properties, PLS is even more challenging to achieve in satellite communication (SATCOM) downlinks. In multibeam MU-MIMO satellite systems, which will be part of beyond-5G networks, the spatial degrees of freedom can be used for both throughput and secrecy improvements. We extend a user-fairness zero-forcing algorithm with artificial noise to achieve secure precoding even if the channel state information of the eavesdroppers is unknown. We define the secrecy outage probability for Line-of-Sight MU-MIMO SATCOM channels and analyze how it can be reduced by the aforementioned algorithm. Moreover, we introduce a trade-off between a high system throughput and a low secrecy outage probability for the cost-effectiveness considerations of PLS.

IEEE 5G World Forum (5GWF)•Sep 1, 2020•2 citations
Underlay device-to-device (D2D) communication network is becoming a promising solution for the fifth generation (5G) and beyond wireless technology. It exploits the proximity of the D2D pairs and improves the overall network’s latency, capacity, and spectral efficiency by sharing/reusing the existing cellular resources. However, due to the frequency-sharing/reusing, the security of the device users (DUs) and the cellular users (CUs) becomes vulnerable. This paper presents a novel physical-layer security (PLS) scheme for the underlay multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) D2D communications in the presence of multiple eavesdroppers. The proposed new PLS scheme can significantly reduce the information leakage for both CUs and DUs by adopting a null steering scheme at the transmitter. A signal alignment technique is also employed to eradicate the stringent requirement of a larger number of transmitter antennas than that of the receiver antennas. A generalized nonlinear optimization problem has been formulated to improve the PLS performance for MIMO-D2D communications. A closed-form and generalized analytical expression of the secrecy outage probability for CUs and DUs is derived over the imperfect Nakagami-mmmand Norton fading channels. Theoretical and simulation results of our proposed new PLS scheme have shown significant improvement in the secrecy capacity and secrecy outage probability for both CUs and DUs in comparison with the existing methods.
Traditional cryptographic encryption techniques at higher layers require a certain form of information sharing between the transmitter and the legitimate user to achieve security. Besides, it also assumes that the eavesdropper has an insufficient computational capability to decrypt the ciphertext without the shared information. However, traditional cryptographic encryption techniques may be insufficient or even not suit- able in wireless communication systems. Physical layer security (PLS) can enhance the security of wireless communications by leveraging the physical nature of wireless transmission. Thus, in this thesis, we study the PLS performance in emerging wireless transmission systems. The thesis consists of two main parts. We first consider the PLS design and analysis for ground-based networks em- ploying random unitary beamforming (RUB) scheme at the transmitter. With RUB technique, the transmitter serves multiple users with pre-designed beamforming vectors, selected using limited channel state information (CSI). We study multiple-input single-output single-eavesdropper (MISOSE) transmission system, multi-user multiple-input multiple-output single-eavesdropper (MU-MIMOSE) transmission system, and massive multiple-input multiple-output multiple-eavesdropper (massive MI- MOME) transmission system. The closed-form expressions of ergodic secrecy rate and the secrecy outage probability (SOP) for these transmission scenarios are derived. Besides, the effect of artificial noise (AN) on secrecy performance of RUB-based transmission is also investigated. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the trade-off between performance and complexity of the resulting PLS design. We then investigate the PLS design and analysis for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based networks. We first study the secrecy performance of UAV-assisted relaying transmission systems in the presence of a single ground eavesdropper. We derive the closed-form expressions of ergodic secrecy rate and intercept probability. When multiple aerial and ground eavesdroppers are located in the UAV-assisted relaying transmission system, directional beamforming technique is applied to enhance the secrecy performance. Assuming the most general κ-μ shadowed fading channel, the SOP performance is obtained in the closed-form expression. Exploiting the derived expressions, we investigate the impact of different parameters on secrecy performance. Besides, we utilize a deep learning approach in UAV-based network analysis. Numerical results show that our proposed deep learning approach can predict secrecy performance with high accuracy and short running time.
This paper presents the optimal physical-layer security scheme of both primary user (PU) and secondary user (SU) in the underlay multiple-input multiple-output cognitive-radio network (MIMO-CRN) by using bi-directional zero-forcing beamforming technique. The proposed method enables the PU to communicate along with the SU without sacrificing their individual secrecy capacity, i.e., without causing interference to each other in the presence of eavesdropper(s). In this method, a bi-directional beamforming has been applied to eradicate the necessity of involving artificial noise for preventing the active eavesdropper(s). Both theoretical and numerical analyses of the secrecy outage probability are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method. The secrecy outage probability is also derived to evaluate the performance variations of our proposed scheme when the channel-estimation error occurs.
This paper investigates the physical layer security of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) based cooperative device-to-device (D2D) communications in cellular networks. In the networks, D2D transmitter acts as a relay of cellular networks while transmitting its own information over the spectrum of cellular networks with NOMA technique. The information transmitted by D2D transmitter is overheard by an external eavesdropper. To prevent eavesdropping, a joint design of jamming and beamforming is performed from an aspect of the power control. Particularly, the full-duplex (FD) receiver of cellular networks emits the jamming signals to deteriorate the eavesdropper's channel while receiving the confidential signals from D2D transmitter. Beamforming is designed to protect the legitimate receivers against the jamming signals. Furthermore, the secrecy outage probability of the system (SOPS) is characterized and its closed-form expression is derived. Finally, numerical results are employed to validate the accuracy of the analytical results and the superiority of the proposed scheme in terms of security performance.
Device to Device (D2D) communication is going to be a promising wireless technology for 5G communication and beyond. So the security aspect of the D2D communication system has been the center of research for quite some time. Since Fisher Snedecor F{\mathcal{F}}F fading channel is widely used to characterize the D2D communication scenarios, in this work, the data transmission security has been analyzed over Fisher Snedecor F{\mathcal{F}}F fading channel while simultaneous transmission of same data to multiple receiving devices is considered with the appearance of multiple eavesdroppers. Secrecy performance is measured by deriving different closed-form analytical expressions. i.e. secure outage probability for multicasting, ergodic secrecy multicast capacity, and probability of non-zero secrecy multicast capacity. The adverse effect of both fading and shadowing has been mathematically characterized and solutions to these two problems are graphically represented. Finally, Monte-Carlo simulations are also done to prove the accuracy of the derived mathematical expressions of the proposed model.
This paper presents the optimal physical-layer security scheme of both primary user (PU) and secondary user (SU) in the underlay multiple-input multiple-output cognitive-radio network (MIMO-CRN) by use of a bi-directional zero-forcing beamformer. The proposed new method enables the PU to communicate along with the SUs through a relay node without sacrificing their individual secrecy capacity, i.e., without causing interference to each other even in the presence of eavesdropper(s). In the first phase, a transmitting beamformer at the PU/SU transmitters and a receiving beamformer at the relay have been adopted to separate PU and SU data. In the second phase, a bi-directional beamformer has been applied to eradicate the necessity of involving artificial noise for preventing the active eavesdropper(s). To maximize the total secrecy capacity, a generalized non-linear optimization problem has been formulated and converted to a simplified constrained optimization problem by utilizing the beamformer and the associated subspace restriction. Then, this problem is solved by the Lagrangian method. Both theoretical and numerical analyses of the total and individual ergodic secrecy rates are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method. The secrecy outage probability is also derived to evaluate the performance variations of our proposed scheme when the channel-estimation error occurs.
In multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MUMIMO) systems for beyond-5G, many user groups are served by the same transmitter in a time-based scheduling. Considering all unscheduled users as eavesdroppers puts a high complexity on algorithms to achieve physical layer security (PLS). Moreover, due to the Line-of-Sight channel properties, PLS is even more challenging to achieve in satellite communication (SATCOM) downlinks. In multibeam MU-MIMO satellite systems, which will be part of beyond-5G networks, the spatial degrees of freedom can be used for both throughput and secrecy improvements. We extend a user-fairness zero-forcing algorithm with artificial noise to achieve secure precoding even if the channel state information of the eavesdroppers is unknown. We define the secrecy outage probability for Line-of-Sight MU-MIMO SATCOM channels and analyze how it can be reduced by the aforementioned algorithm. Moreover, we introduce a trade-off between a high system throughput and a low secrecy outage probability for the cost-effectiveness considerations of PLS.