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International Congress on Artificial Materials for Novel Wave Phenomena (Metamaterials)

Strong coupling and non-reciprocity in the dynamics of a V-atom placed near an anisotropic metasurface

Danil Kornovan, Mihail I. Petrov, Ivan V. Iorsh

Published Aug 1, 2018• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this work we focus on studying the temporal dynamics of a V-type quantum emitter with two excited states, which allows to observe an interplay between different spontaneous emission channels. We show that the presence of an anisotropic metasurface enables an interaction between the two active transitions and makes it possible to achieve a strong coupling regime. We also show that if the rotation plane of the transition dipole moments is arbitrarily oriented with respect to the metasurface interface, it is possible to observe a non-reciprocal behavior.

DOI
10.1109/metamaterials.2018.8534098

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In this work we focus on studying the temporal dynamics of a V-type quantum emitter with two excited states, which allows to observe an interplay between different spontaneous emission channels. We show that the presence of an anisotropic metasurface enables an interaction between the two active transitions and makes it possible to achieve a strong coupling regime. We also show that if the rotation plane of the transition dipole moments is arbitrarily oriented with respect to the metasurface interface, it is possible to observe a non-reciprocal behavior.
Quantum vacuum engineering is an active field of research. Here we use recent advances in the field of metasurface (2D-array of sub-wavelength scale nano-antennas) to construct an anisotropic quantum vacuum (AQV) in the vicinity of a quantum emitter located at some macroscopic distance from the metasurface. Such AQV can induce quantum interference among several atomic transitions, even when the transition dipole moment corresponding to the decay channels are orthogonal. Recently, there have been few theoretical proposal to use metamaterials to engineer the back-action. All these approaches, which works in the near field (few tens of nanometers from the surface), suffers from trapping an atom at these distance, surface interactions like quenching, Casimir force etc. Hence it’s pivotal to construct the back-action over macroscopic distance. We harness the polarization dependent response of a metasurface to engineer the back-action of the spontaneous emission from the atom to itself. We show strong anisotropy in the decay rate of a quantum emitter which is a manifestation of AQV. Engineering light-matter interaction over macroscopic distances opens new possibilities for long-range interaction between quantum emitters for quantum information processing, spin-optics/spintronics etc.
An anisotropic quantum vacuum (AQV) has been predicted to induce quantum interferences during the spontaneous emission process in an atomic VVV transition [G. S. Agarwal, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 5500 (2000)]. Nevertheless, the finite lifetime of the excited states is expected to strongly limit the observability of this phenomenon. In this paper, we predict that an AQV can induce a long-lifetime coherence in an atomic $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ transition from the process of spontaneous emission, which has an additional advantage of removing the need for coherent laser excitation. We also carry out two metasurface designs and compare their respective efficiencies for creating an AQV over remote distances. The detection of this coherence induced by a metasurface, in addition to being yet another vindication of quantum electrodynamics, could pave the way towards the remote distance control of coherent coupling between quantum emitters, which is a key requirement to produce entanglement in quantum technology applications.
We investigate the spontaneous emission dynamics of a two-level quantum emitter near a transition-metal dichalcogenide layer, specifically, a tungsten disulfide (WS2) layer. The optical response of the WS2layer is obtained by electromagnetic calculations using parameters by experimental data. We find that depending on the distance between the quantum emitter, and the WS2layer the spontaneous decay can be enhanced up to 104compared with its free-space value for an emitter with transition dipole moment oriented perpendicular or tangential to the layer. We also perform quantum dynamical calculations, which indicate that the emitter's spontaneous emission dynamics changes from Markovian to weakly non-Markovian to clearly non-Markovian, featuring decaying population oscillations, as the coupling grows from relatively weak to strong, depending on the distance of the emitter to the layer, and the emitter's free-space decay rate. For quantum emitters with fast free-space decay times placed at close distances to the WS2layer, the ultrastrong coupling regime can be reached, and we find that a significant amount of the initial population of the quantum emitter can remain trapped in it. We also quantify non-Markovianity using different measures. Similar results can also be obtained for other transition-metal dichalcogenide layers, like a tungsten diselenide (WSe2) layer.
We analyze the two-time intensity correlation function of the fluorescent field emitted by a three-level V-type quantum emitter located in the vicinity of a two-dimensional periodic plasmonic nanostructure. Due to the interaction of the quantum emitter with an electromagnetic field, the ground state population is excited to the upper levels, presenting decay due to spontaneous emission. The distinctive characteristic of this system is that the decay rates for a quantum emitter with dipole orientation perpendicular and normal to the surface of the nanostructure array exhibit large differences which vary with the distance between the quantum emitter and the two-dimensional nanoparticle array. This leads to simulation of quantum interference effects in spontaneous emission. By studying the dependence of the two-time intensity correlation function on specific physical parameters of the hybrid structure, including the intensity of the applied field, the detuning from resonance, the distance between the quantum emitter and the plasmonic nanostructure, as well as the spacing between the upper levels, we demonstrate a strong modification of the two-time intensity correlation functions. We also identify the conditions under which the two-time intensity correlation function is maximized, an effect which is associated to the bunching to antibunching transition of the emitted photons.
We employ a time-dependent variational approach with the multiple Davydov D2{D}_{2}D2​ ansatz and two approximate analytical methods to study the spontaneous emission of a V-type artificial atom in the strong-coupling regime, where the decay rate of the emitter becomes a considerable fraction of its transition frequencies, and focus on quantum-interference-induced effects. The variational approach is found to be accurate in certain strong-coupling regimes and is used as the benchmark to address the validity of the analytical methods: the rotating-wave approximation (RWA) and the transformed RWA (TRWA). It is found that the TRWA is fairly accurate in the strong-coupling regime where the RWA breaks down. By using the numerical and analytical methods, we illustrate that there are dark lines and line narrowing in the emission spectra in the strong-coupling regime and in a wide accessible range of the emitter parameters. We also illustrate how the emission spectrum is altered by the counter-rotating couplings. The present results offer insights into the experimental observation of the quantum-interference-induced effect in the strong-coupling regime and in the context of artificial atoms.