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Journal of Physics Conference Series

Temporal dynamics of a quantum emitter with multiple excited states in the vicinity of an anisotropic metasurface

Danil Kornovan, Ivan Toftul, Alexander V. Chebykin, Mihail I. Petrov, Ivan V. Iorsh

Published Sep 1, 2018• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this work we focus on studying the temporal dynamics of a quantum emitter with few (3) excited states, which allows to observe an interplay between different spontaneous emission channels. We show that if the quantization axis is being rotated with respect to the normal of a metasurface it is possible to observe a difference in the transfer dynamics from one state to another and vice versa.

DOI
10.1088/1742-6596/1092/1/012063

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In this work we focus on studying the temporal dynamics of a quantum emitter with few (3) excited states, which allows to observe an interplay between different spontaneous emission channels. We show that if the quantization axis is being rotated with respect to the normal of a metasurface it is possible to observe a difference in the transfer dynamics from one state to another and vice versa.
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An anisotropic quantum vacuum (AQV) has been predicted to induce quantum interferences during the spontaneous emission process in an atomic VVV transition [G. S. Agarwal, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 5500 (2000)]. Nevertheless, the finite lifetime of the excited states is expected to strongly limit the observability of this phenomenon. In this paper, we predict that an AQV can induce a long-lifetime coherence in an atomic $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ transition from the process of spontaneous emission, which has an additional advantage of removing the need for coherent laser excitation. We also carry out two metasurface designs and compare their respective efficiencies for creating an AQV over remote distances. The detection of this coherence induced by a metasurface, in addition to being yet another vindication of quantum electrodynamics, could pave the way towards the remote distance control of coherent coupling between quantum emitters, which is a key requirement to produce entanglement in quantum technology applications.
The control of the spontaneous emission of quantum emitters is of fundamental importance for the development of future quantum technologies, like quantum cryptography or quantum computing. Such applications rely on the manipulation of atoms, molecules, or "artificial" atoms, as elementary sources of light, and on the exploitation of the quantum nature of the emitted light, single photons. With the recent developments in nanofabrication techniques and nanotechnologies, the modification of the dynamics of the spontaneous emission by the environment is being investigated at the level of a few emitters, allowing for unprecedented control and manipulation of the spontaneous emission. In parallel to the experimental efforts, theoretical understanding of the fundamental interaction mechanisms between quantum emitters and their environment also becomes more and more essential.In this thesis, we tackle three different paradigms of the spontaneous emission phenomenon, all dealing with modifications of the spontaneous emission induced the environment. Firstly, we tackle the problem of monitored spontaneous emission, that is how the processus of emission is modified when the emitting system is being frequently monitored by an external observer, and which is closely related to the problem of measurementin quantum mechanics. Secondly, we consider the interaction between quantum emitters and optical resonances supported by nearby nanostructures. Finally, we study the remote interaction between quantum emitters and surfaces engraved with nanostructures which are designed and arranged in specific patterns, so-called metasurfaces.We present and deal with different formalisms to model such different situations, interfacing different fields of physics like quantum optics and nanophotonics. In each of these situations, we illustrate with realistic theoretical predictions how the spontaneous emission is modified: in the first case, how the lifetime of the quantum emitter is altered,in the second case how the frequency of the emitted photon is altered, and in the last situation how the environment may induce quantum coherence in the emitter. For each case, for provide with experimental proposals for future confirmations of these predictions, to bring a better understanding and control over these fundamental processes.
Quantum vacuum engineering is an active field of research. Here we use recent advances in the field of metasurface (2D-array of sub-wavelength scale nano-antennas) to construct an anisotropic quantum vacuum (AQV) in the vicinity of a quantum emitter located at some macroscopic distance from the metasurface. Such AQV can induce quantum interference among several atomic transitions, even when the transition dipole moment corresponding to the decay channels are orthogonal. Recently, there have been few theoretical proposal to use metamaterials to engineer the back-action. All these approaches, which works in the near field (few tens of nanometers from the surface), suffers from trapping an atom at these distance, surface interactions like quenching, Casimir force etc. Hence it’s pivotal to construct the back-action over macroscopic distance. We harness the polarization dependent response of a metasurface to engineer the back-action of the spontaneous emission from the atom to itself. We show strong anisotropy in the decay rate of a quantum emitter which is a manifestation of AQV. Engineering light-matter interaction over macroscopic distances opens new possibilities for long-range interaction between quantum emitters for quantum information processing, spin-optics/spintronics etc.
High reflectance and optical dynamics of a metasurface comprizing quantum ΛΛΛ-emitters
In this Letter, we study theoretically reflectance of a monolayer comprizing regularly spaced quantum ΛΛΛ-emitters. Due to high density of the latter, the monolayer almost totally reflects the incident field in the vicinity of the system's collective (excitonic) resonance. The emitter self-action through the secondary field provides a positive feedback, interplay of which with the inherent nonlinearity of an emitter itself, results in an exotic behavior of the system reflectance, including bistability, self-oscillations, and chaotic dynamics. All these features might be of interest for nanophotonic applications