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Latin America Optics and Photonics Conference

From Rabi oscillations to adiabatic passage in multi-level quantum systems with a train of weak pulses

Vladimir S. Malinovsky, Svetlana Malinovskaya, Bo Y. Chang, Ignacio R. Solá, B. M. Garraway

Published Jan 1, 2018• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate an efficient population transfer in multi-level quantum systems without partial overlap of pump and Stokes sub-pulses of the weak pulse trains. The transfer mechanism and the robustness of the proposed scheme is discussed.
DOI
10.1364/laop.2018.w4a.2

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Abstract We consider coherent population transfer in multilevel quantum systems driven by time-delayed pulse trains. We show how to choose the parameters of the trains so that the population dynamics tracks the behavior of a Λ-type three-level system under stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP). Efficient population transfer can be achieved regardless of the order and with or without overlap of the pump and the Stokes sub-pulses of the trains. Generalized STIRAP schemes of population transfer in N -level system with sequential couplings are also examined. The mechanism of the population transfer and the robustness of the proposed schemes are discussed.
We investigate ultrafast coherent population transfer in a Λ-type three-level system driven by a train of weak phase-locked pump-Stokes femtosecond pulse pairs, where the pump and Stokes pulses in each pair are applied in counterintuitive order, similar to that in the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage technique. It is shown that due to temporal constructive quantum interference and the subsequent coherent accumulation, complete population transfer can be achieved by a few pulse pairs with suitable interpair and intrapair time delays even if a single pair of pulses in the train is so weak that nearly no population transfer can take place. The method is efficient and robust to moderate variations in the interpair and intrapair time delays, number of pulse pairs, and laser intensity, which is particularly favorable to coherent population transfer in quantum systems with weak oscillator strengths.
It introduced several methods to transfer population,including two-level system and three-level system, and gave some comparisons on transfer efficiency and transfer velocity of them in theory. It is shown that population transfer by coherent pulse sequence is better than incoherence one. Numerical simulation results showed that when using Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Rapid Passage (STIRAP), in which the pump laser pulse fully overlaps the Stokes pulse with the Stokes preceding the pump, population can be transferred completely and rapidly. Robust control of population transfer among Zeeman sublevels in the ground states of three-level system is investigated using adiabatic rapid passage in theory. The laser pulse widths are supposed to be short compared to the lifetime of the excited level, which means adiabatic. We demonstrated that techniques of STIRAP can be found to optimize population transfer in the ground states of three-level Λ system.
We propose and experimentally demonstrate the method of population transfer by piecewise adiabatic passage between two quantum states. Coherent excitation of a two-level system with a train of ultrashort laser pulses is shown to reproduce the effect of an adiabatic passage, conventionally achieved with a single frequency-chirped pulse. By properly adjusting the amplitudes and phases of the pulses in the excitation pulse train, we achieve complete and robust population transfer to the target state. The piecewise nature of the process suggests a possibility for the selective population transfer in complex quantum systems.
A technique for complete population transfer between the two end states $|1\ensuremath{\rangle}$ and $|3\ensuremath{\rangle}$ of a three-state quantum system with a train of NNN pairs of resonant and coincident pump and Stokes pulses is introduced. A simple analytic formula is derived for the ratios of the pulse amplitudes in each pair for which the maximum transient population P2(t){P}_{2}(t)P2​(t) of the middle state $|2\ensuremath{\rangle}$ is minimized, ${P}_{2}^{\mathrm{max}}={\mathrm{sin}}^{2}(\ensuremath{\pi}/4N)$. It is remarkable that, even though the pulses are on exact resonance, P2(t){P}_{2}(t)P2​(t) is damped to negligibly small values even for a small number of pulse pairs. The population dynamics resembles generalized $\ensuremath{\pi}$ pulses for small NNN and stimulated Raman adiabatic passage for large NNN and therefore this technique can be viewed as a bridge between these well-known techniques.
We propose a class of schemes for robust population transfer between quantum states that utilize trains of coherent pulses, thus forming a generalized adiabatic passage via a wave packet. We study piecewise stimulated Raman adiabatic passage with pulse-to-pulse amplitude variation, and piecewise chirped Raman passage with pulse-to-pulse phase variation, implemented with an optical frequency comb. In the context of production of ultracold ground-state molecules, we show that with almost no knowledge of the excited potential, robust high-efficiency transfer is possible.