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Journal of Modern Optics

Ultrafast coherent population transfer with a train of weak femtosecond pulse pairs

Xihua Yang, Zhenhua Zhang, Xiaona Yan

Published Aug 10, 2009• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate ultrafast coherent population transfer in a Λ-type three-level system driven by a train of weak phase-locked pump-Stokes femtosecond pulse pairs, where the pump and Stokes pulses in each pair are applied in counterintuitive order, similar to that in the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage technique. It is shown that due to temporal constructive quantum interference and the subsequent coherent accumulation, complete population transfer can be achieved by a few pulse pairs with suitable interpair and intrapair time delays even if a single pair of pulses in the train is so weak that nearly no population transfer can take place. The method is efficient and robust to moderate variations in the interpair and intrapair time delays, number of pulse pairs, and laser intensity, which is particularly favorable to coherent population transfer in quantum systems with weak oscillator strengths.

DOI
10.1080/09500340903194641

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We investigate ultrafast coherent population transfer in a Λ-type three-level system driven by a train of weak phase-locked pump-Stokes femtosecond pulse pairs, where the pump and Stokes pulses in each pair are applied in counterintuitive order, similar to that in the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage technique. It is shown that due to temporal constructive quantum interference and the subsequent coherent accumulation, complete population transfer can be achieved by a few pulse pairs with suitable interpair and intrapair time delays even if a single pair of pulses in the train is so weak that nearly no population transfer can take place. The method is efficient and robust to moderate variations in the interpair and intrapair time delays, number of pulse pairs, and laser intensity, which is particularly favorable to coherent population transfer in quantum systems with weak oscillator strengths.
Abstract We consider coherent population transfer in multilevel quantum systems driven by time-delayed pulse trains. We show how to choose the parameters of the trains so that the population dynamics tracks the behavior of a Λ-type three-level system under stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP). Efficient population transfer can be achieved regardless of the order and with or without overlap of the pump and the Stokes sub-pulses of the trains. Generalized STIRAP schemes of population transfer in N -level system with sequential couplings are also examined. The mechanism of the population transfer and the robustness of the proposed schemes are discussed.
We propose a way to significantly enhance selectivity and efficiency of coherent population transfer in a $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-type four-level system with a closely spaced doublet in the final state by using a train of counterintuitively ordered pump-Stokes pulse pairs. Due to temporal constructive and destructive quantum interference between the sequential transitions and subsequent coherent accumulation and annihilation in the time domain, the spectral resolution of selective and perfect population transfer to either of the final states can be improved by more than one order of magnitude as compared to the conventionally widely used stimulated Raman adiabatic passage and chirped adiabatic passage techniques, which can also be well understood as a result of the formation of a comblike structure of the pulse train spectrum in the frequency domain. Moreover, an arbitrary coherent superposition between the closely separated doublet can be achieved by suitably tuning the repetition period and detuning of the laser fields. This method has potential applications in control of chemical reactions and quantum information processing.
We report and propose a simple scheme to achieve efficient and fast coherent population transfer by utilizing either a nonlinearly chirped Gaussian-shaped few-cycle laser pulse or an unchirped sinc-shaped few-cycle laser pulse. The proposed scheme is shown to be fairly robust against the variation of the laser parameters such as temporal pulse width, chirp rates, carrier-envelope phases, and Rabi frequencies. We find that compared to the so-called stimulated Raman adiabatic passage technique, our scheme for complete population transfer with few-cycle Gaussian-shaped laser pulses requires less pulse area.
We present a way to realize selective, robust, and efficient population transfer in a ladder-type four-level system with an equally populated doublet in the initial state. By merging stimulated Raman adiabatic passage and chirped adiabatic passage techniques, we show that selective and complete population transfer from either of the initial doublet levels to the final state can be achieved with chirped pump and Stokes pulse pairs when the spectral resolution constraint of a frequency swept pulse holds (the energy separation of doublet levels should be much larger than the pulse bandwidth). We further demonstrate that the spectral resolution of selective population transfer can be enhanced significantly by using pump pulse pair and Stokes pulse due to temporal quantum interference between the sequential transitions in the time domain, which can also be well followed as a result of the frequency-domain formation of a comblike structure of the pulse pair spectrum. The proposals take into account the case of population transfer in realistic atomic and molecular systems, and may have applications in quantum coherent control of systems with equally populated initial manifolds.
We propose a selective, efficient, and robust way to realize control of coherent population transfer in a $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-type four-level system with a closely spaced doublet in the final state with time-separated chirped pump pulse and Stokes pulse pair by merging stimulated Raman adiabatic passage, temporal coherent control, and chirped adiabatic passage techniques. Moreover, an arbitrary coherent superposition between the final doublet, or between the intermediate state and either of the doublets can be created. This method holds the ability to ``control with control'' and has potential applications in coherent control of chemical reactions and quantum information processing.
It introduced several methods to transfer population,including two-level system and three-level system, and gave some comparisons on transfer efficiency and transfer velocity of them in theory. It is shown that population transfer by coherent pulse sequence is better than incoherence one. Numerical simulation results showed that when using Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Rapid Passage (STIRAP), in which the pump laser pulse fully overlaps the Stokes pulse with the Stokes preceding the pump, population can be transferred completely and rapidly. Robust control of population transfer among Zeeman sublevels in the ground states of three-level system is investigated using adiabatic rapid passage in theory. The laser pulse widths are supposed to be short compared to the lifetime of the excited level, which means adiabatic. We demonstrated that techniques of STIRAP can be found to optimize population transfer in the ground states of three-level Λ system.