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Applied Optics

Optical bistability, amplification, and transparency in a one-dimensional photonic crystal with a nonlinear central layer

Samira Alipour, Siamak Khademi

Published Oct 26, 2018• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate optical properties of a multilayer one-dimensional photonic crystal, where the central layer is doped with one of different kinds of three-level atomic systems, e.g., Vee, Λ, upper coupling ladder, and lower coupling ladder. Then, the control of optical bistability properties of the photonic crystal, by Rabi frequency of the coupling field, spontaneously generated coherence, and probe detuning, is studied. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of different systems' optical properties. It is shown that the investigated photonic crystals have a bistability property as well as full transparency. Also, the photonic crystals show some amplification in transmission and even reflection of the probe field.

DOI
10.1364/ao.57.009439

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In this paper, we investigate optical properties of a multilayer one-dimensional photonic crystal, where the central layer is doped with one of different kinds of three-level atomic systems, e.g., Vee, Λ, upper coupling ladder, and lower coupling ladder. Then, the control of optical bistability properties of the photonic crystal, by Rabi frequency of the coupling field, spontaneously generated coherence, and probe detuning, is studied. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of different systems' optical properties. It is shown that the investigated photonic crystals have a bistability property as well as full transparency. Also, the photonic crystals show some amplification in transmission and even reflection of the probe field.
We investigate optical bistability in a multilayer one-dimensional photonic crystal where the central layer is doped with $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-type three-level atoms. We take into account the influence of spontaneously generated coherence when the lower atomic levels are sufficiently close to each other, in which case Kerr-type nonlinear response of the atoms is enhanced. We calculate the propagation of a probe beam in the defect mode window using the numerical nonlinear transfer matrix method. We find that Rabi frequency of a control field acting on the defect layer and the detuning of the probe field from the atomic resonance can be used to control the size and contrast of the hysteresis loop and the threshold of the optical bistability. In particular we find that at the optimal spontaneously generated coherence, a three orders of magnitude lower threshold can be achieved relative to the case without the coherence.
We investigate the property of optical bistability in a photonic-crystal one-atom laser when nonlinear microcavity is present. The physical system consists of a coherently driven two-level light emitter strongly coupled to a high-quality microcavity which is embedded within a photonic crystal and another coherent probing field which has incident into the microcavity. In our case, the microcavity is fabricated by nonlinear material and placed as an impurity in photonic crystal. This study reveals that such a system can exhibit optical bistability. The dependence of threshold value and hysteresis loop on the photonic band gap of the photonic crystal, driving field Rabi frequency and dephasing processes, are studied. Our results clearly illustrate the ability to control optical bistability through suitable photonic-crystal architectures and external coherent driving field, and this study suggests that in a photonic-crystal nonlinear microcavity, the one-atom laser acts as an effective controllable bistable device in the design of all-light digital computing systems in the near future.
We study the transmission spectra of a one-dimensional photonic crystal with a defect containing a four-level atomic medium that exhibits a greatly enhanced third-order susceptibility while having a vanishing linear susceptibility dependent on the electromagnetically induced transparency. Two ways of controlling the transmission of a photonic crystal are discussed: via absorption, i.e., nonlinear (two-photon) absorption of the probe field enhanced by constructive quantum interference, and via dispersion, which comes down to shifting the resonance frequency of the defect mode for the probe field by varying the refractive index based on the giant Kerr nonlinearity (cross-phase modulation). We demonstrate that such systems enable nonlinear all-optical switching at ultralow intensities of the coupling and switching laser fields.
We study optical bistable behavior of a Rydberg electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT) atomic medium in a unidirectional optical ring-cavity. Due to strong van del Waal (vdW) interactions between the atoms, both optical nonlinear dispersion and nonlinear absorption coefficients are enhanced substantially. Under the condition of two-photon on resonance, we show that probe one-photon detuning can change the phase of the third order nonlinearity coefficient, which tunes the character of the optical bistability within different ratios of dispersive and absorptive types. This enables the single-photon control over photonic devices for further manipulation of light other than switches and transistors. More interestingly, we predict appearance of a scaling phenomena for optical bistabilities with the factors of coupling Rabi frequency and atomic density. Additionally, we also discuss the influence of the cavity detuning and the mirror transmission coefficient on the optical bistable behavior. The strong bistable feature provides a good ingredient for realizing all-optical logic gate devices in optical computing.
Abstract The present study aimed to evaluate the optical properties of 1D photonic crystal (PC) with a defect layer doped by four-level InGaN/GaN quantum dots. Transient and steady-state behavior of the medium completely relies on the intensities and relative phases of coherent coupling fields. In addition, the transient absorption–dispersion spectra of 1DPC can be easily adjusted by choosing the controllable parameters properly. Furthermore, the transmitted and reflected light pulses at λ = 1.55 μ m (long wavelength) can be tuned by controlling the Rabi frequencies of applied light due to their potential applications in all-optical systems. Furthermore, the effect of relative phase between applied fields on the light propagation was evaluated through the medium. In addition, all-optical switching time was found for subluminal/superluminal and absorption/transmission of light propagation. The required switching time ranges between 2–7 ps. The proposed model may provide some new possibilities for technological applications in optoelectronics and solid-state quantum information science and systems due to large applications in signal processing.
The transfer matrix, which represents the dispersive medium's layer, can be rigorously obtained by using Lorentz model and considering boundary conditions. The detailed investigation on polaritons in a symmetric photonic crystal with absorptive type of dispersive medium's layer is presented by adjusting parameters of the dispersive medium's layer. It's found that the absorptive type of dispersive cavity and reinforced dispersive cavity may demonstrate similar properties in normal modes coupling, the homogeneous broadening effect, and the detuning effect. But there exists evident differences in transmitted intensity and frequency shift. Finally, the optical bistability in one-dimensional symmetric photonic crystal both with absorptive type of dispersive medium's layer and with Kerr nonlinear layer is also investigated. It's found that optical bistability threshold of the photonic crystal with dispersive medium layer is a little lower than that of structure without dispersive medium laver.