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Optoelectronics Instrumentation and Data Processing

Photo Extraction of Rubidium Atoms from the Bulk of a Photonic Crystal

Sergey Nikitich Atutov, Alexander Ivanovich Plekhanov

Published Jul 1, 2018• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

The photo extraction of rubidium atoms from the bulk of a photonic crystal has been investigated. It has been found that in the case of irradiation of the crystal in the stop band where the desorbing light does not penetrate deeply, the separation of atoms occurs practically from its surface, so that the density of desorbed atoms in the cell decreases only exponentially. In the case of irradiation of the crystal outside the stop band, the bulk of the crystal is irradiated almost completely. In this connection, the exponential decrease in the density of atoms in the cell is replaced by its relatively slow reduction of diffusion nature. The bulk diffusion coefficient of rubidium atoms in the photonic crystal was measured to be 2 · 10 −8 cm 2 /s.

DOI
10.3103/s8756699018040131

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The photo extraction of rubidium atoms from the bulk of a photonic crystal has been investigated. It has been found that in the case of irradiation of the crystal in the stop band where the desorbing light does not penetrate deeply, the separation of atoms occurs practically from its surface, so that the density of desorbed atoms in the cell decreases only exponentially. In the case of irradiation of the crystal outside the stop band, the bulk of the crystal is irradiated almost completely. In this connection, the exponential decrease in the density of atoms in the cell is replaced by its relatively slow reduction of diffusion nature. The bulk diffusion coefficient of rubidium atoms in the photonic crystal was measured to be 2 · 10 −8 cm 2 /s.
Photodesorption of rubidium atoms from crystalline sapphire surface is experimentally studied using the time-of-flight method and the total internal reflection effect. The adsorption energy of rubidium atoms on sapphire is determined to be ~0.7 eV. The dependence of the kinetic energy of desorbed rubidium atoms on the desorbing photon energy in the sapphire transparency range and in the absorption band of rubidium adatoms is determined. It is found that the average kinetic energy of outgoing atoms decreases at desorbing photon energies exceeding 2.3 eV. A model is proposed that relates the decrease in the kinetic energy of desorbed atoms to the appearance of a new channel of desorption of atoms in an excited electronic state.
We investigated the light-induced desorption (LID) of Rb atoms from quartz substrates to understand better the LID observed in alkali-metal vapor cells used in laser cooling experiments. The substrate was first exposed to Rb under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. The Rb was found to diffuse into the substrate by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Rb atoms were then deposited with a density of $\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{15}$ atoms/cm2{}^{2}2 on the surface, from which LID was observed upon irradiation by ultraviolet light. The LID rate depended linearly on the light intensity in the investigated range up to 15 mW/cm2{}^{2}2. A typical value was 1010{10}^{10}1010 atoms/(s cm2{}^{2}2) per mW/cm2{}^{2}2 at a photon energy of 4.3 eV (290 nm in wavelength). We found that the LID rate increased with photon energy in the range 1.8--4.3 eV (700--290 nm in wavelength).
Huge light-induced rubidium atom desorption has been observed from porous silica samples placed inside Pyrex cells kept at room temperature. The desorption rate and the maximum vapour density change have been measured as a function of the desorbing light intensity. Their values are comparable with those recently obtained in Pyrex cells coated with organic films. A linear dependence of the desorption rate and a square-root dependence of the maximum density increase on light intensity indicate that diffusion inside the glass pores is a key mechanism. The application of this effect to develop light-controlled atomic dispensers compatible with high vacuum environment is discussed.
Recent experimental and theoretical results on the optical properties of globular photonic crystals coauthored by the author are presented. The dispersion relation for electromagnetic waves in a 1D photonic crystal that simulates the properties of a selected direction in the globular photonic crystal is calculated. The spectral ranges that are characterized by the anomalous slowing of electromagnetic waves in the photonic crystal and correspond to the stop-band edges are determined. A method for the measurement of the transmission and reflection spectra of the broadband radiation in photonic crystals is proposed. The method enables one to find the characteristics of the stop bands. The features of the secondary emission that emerges in opals due to the UV and visible excitation are reported. The conditions for the low-threshold lasing in opals filled with rareearth elements are presented. The experimental results on the induced-globular light scattering are demonstrated. Such a scattering implies the coherent excitation of vibrational states of the globules in a globular photonic crystal. A new phenomenon (slow light scattering) which involves the excitation of slow photons (slowtons) that correspond to the stop-band edges of the photonic crystal is observed. The conditions for the measurement of the slow light scattering in opals excited using the ruby and nitrogen lasers are experimentally determined. The experimental and theoretical results open up the prospects for low-threshold nonlinear optical processes in material media.
We present the first experimental observation of atomic spin randomization of Rb atoms released by light-induced atomic desorption (LIAD). A natural mixture of Rb atoms contained in paraffin and PDMS coated glass cells is irradiated by a free-running diode laser light tuned to the Rb D 2 resonance line. The transmission spectrum of the Rb vapor is thus modified and shows a strong enhancement of the hyperfine optical pumping as the light intensity is increased and the laser-frequency scanning rate is decreased. The D 2 line spectra are compared for two cases: without and with illumination of the walls of the cell by a UV lamp centered around the wavelength of 404 nm. A simple theoretical model based on the solution of the rate balance equations is introduced in order to analyze the experimental results.