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Acta Physica Sinica

SPONTANEOUS EMISSION FROM A THREE-LEVEL ATOM EMBEDDED IN A THREE-DIMENSIONAL PHOTONIC CRYSTAL

XIE SHUANG-YUAN, YANG YA-PING, WU XIANG, 同济大学物理系，上海 200092

Published Jan 1, 2000• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We have studied the properties of spontaneous emission from a three-level atom embedded in a photonic crystal. Due to the anisotropic dispersion relation, the density of states lacks singularity. The localized field can disappear and the diffusion field can become intense in some regions.This is different from that in the isotropic dispersion relation case. These properties are directly related to the relative positions of the two upper levels from the band edge.

DOI
10.7498/aps.49.1478

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We have studied the properties of spontaneous emission from a three-level atom embedded in a photonic crystal. Due to the anisotropic dispersion relation, the density of states lacks singularity. The localized field can disappear and the diffusion field can become intense in some regions.This is different from that in the isotropic dispersion relation case. These properties are directly related to the relative positions of the two upper levels from the band edge.
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We investigate spontaneous emission from a two-level atom embedded in a photonic crystals with three-dimensional dispersion relation, where the dependence of wave vectors on direction is taken into account. Due to the difference of the density of states of electromagnetic modes between a three-dimensional and a one-dimensional photonic crystal (lack of singularity), the dynamics of the population in the excited state and the emitted field are quite different from those of a one-dimensional photonic crystal. There is no quasi-oscillation for the population evolution. The localized field and the propagating field cannot coexist. When the upper level moves from the gap to the band, the emitted field changes from a localized field to a diffusion field and then to a propagating field. The energy of the diffusion and propagating fields propagates out incoherently and coherently, respectively. An analytical expression for the Lamb shift is obtained. The Lamb shift for the current case is smaller than that in an ordinary vacuum or in one-dimensional photonic crystals.
Spontaneous emission from two two-level atoms within an anisotropic photonic crystal is investigated when direct dipole-dipole interaction is taken into account. The radiation properties of the present two atoms system are similar to that of a V-type three-level atom embedded in an anisotropic photonic crystal. The direct dipole-dipole interaction can enhance or depress the spontaneous emission depending on the relative position of the upper levels from the band edge of the photonic crystals. Owing to quantum interference and the dipole-dipole interaction, the spontaneous emission spectra are complicated non-Lorentzian shapes and depend strongly on the relative position of the upper levels from the bandgap and the initial state of the system.
We have studied the spontaneous emission from a three-level atom with an external-driving field in a photonic crystal. As a result of quantum interference and photon localization, the population in the two upper levels displays quasi-oscillatory or oscillatory behavior. This depends on the initial atomic state and the relative positions of the two upper levels from the forbidden gap. The intensity and the phase of the external field can affect spontaneous emission from the atom. The properties are different from a three-level atom either in vacuum or in a photonic crystal without an external driving field.
We investigate spontaneous emission from a two-level atom embedded in photonic crystals. Due to the photon localization and the quantum interference between the two dressed states, some changes of the radiation field happen, and the energy is transferred among the excited atom, the localized field, the propagating field and the diffusion field. If there is a localized field, it appears quasi-oscillation behaves of the population evolution in the excited level. If there isn't a localized field, it appears no quasi-oscillation. Moreover, there have some steady-state trapped atom populations in the excited level, and the spontaneous emission spectrum near the forbidden gap edge is different from that in the vacuum. All these characteristics depend not only on the relative position of the excited level from the band-edge but also on the photon density of states (or the band-edge smoothing parameter) near the band edge.