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Journal of Modern Optics

Atom-atom interaction in an anisotropic photonic crystal

Shuangyuan Xie, Yaping Yang, Hong Chen, Shi‐Yao Zhu

Published Jan 1, 2003• 11 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Spontaneous emission from two two-level atoms within an anisotropic photonic crystal is investigated when direct dipole-dipole interaction is taken into account. The radiation properties of the present two atoms system are similar to that of a V-type three-level atom embedded in an anisotropic photonic crystal. The direct dipole-dipole interaction can enhance or depress the spontaneous emission depending on the relative position of the upper levels from the band edge of the photonic crystals. Owing to quantum interference and the dipole-dipole interaction, the spontaneous emission spectra are complicated non-Lorentzian shapes and depend strongly on the relative position of the upper levels from the bandgap and the initial state of the system.

DOI
10.1080/09500340210135511

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Spontaneous emission from two two-level atoms within an anisotropic photonic crystal is investigated when direct dipole-dipole interaction is taken into account. The radiation properties of the present two atoms system are similar to that of a V-type three-level atom embedded in an anisotropic photonic crystal. The direct dipole-dipole interaction can enhance or depress the spontaneous emission depending on the relative position of the upper levels from the band edge of the photonic crystals. Owing to quantum interference and the dipole-dipole interaction, the spontaneous emission spectra are complicated non-Lorentzian shapes and depend strongly on the relative position of the upper levels from the bandgap and the initial state of the system.
We investigate the spontaneous radiation from a two-level atom embedded in a three-dimensional anisotropic photonic crystal with two bands. The properties of the spontaneous emission are dependent strongly on the position of the upper level. The faster and slower decay components can occur in the emitted field, but it does not mean the existence of both accelerated and inhibited components for the atomic population decay. The radiation spectrum is dependent on the location of the observer. We also study the influence of the existence of the two bands on spontaneous emission, Lamb shift, the emitted field, and the radiation spectrum.
We have studied the properties of the spontaneous emission from a two-level atom embedded in two-band photonic crystals. Due to the anisotropic two-band dispersion relation, the localized and propagating fields cannot coexist, this leads to the non-quasi-oscillation behaviour of the upper level population. Thus the upper level population will tend to a constant as time goes to infinity, or decay with time in a power law, or decay with time exponentially, different from that in the isotropic one-band dispersion relation case. These properties are directly related to the relative position of the upper level from the band edge and the width of the gap.
We theoretically investigate the spontaneous emission light of an excited three-level atom embedded in an anisotropic photonic crystal with two asymmetric bands. The property of spontaneous emission relating to the atomic position in a unit cell of the crystal is described with a position-dependent phase difference. The atomic transition in free space can be manipulated by the other associated transition coupling to photonic crystal. The result shows that the spontaneous emission spectra are effectively shifted and tuned by the atomic position-dependent phase, which results in the asymmetric distribution of the photonic density of states between two bands, and the increasing band can push the emitted light towards the other band. The physical process can be further illuminated through analyzing the emitted field in photonic crystal. The result perhaps offers an interesting route towards tunable photonic devices.
We investigate the spontaneous emission from a V three-level atom embedded in two-band isotropic photonic crystals. The dipoles of the two transitions from the two upper levels to the lower level are parallel. Due to the quantum interference between the two transitions and the existence of two bands, the populations in the upper levels display some novel properties, such as anti-trapping and continuous oscillation, which differ from that of a two-level atom (with two bands) and also differ from that if only one band (for three-level atom) is considered. The spontaneous emission field is composed of two parts: localized field and travelling field. The localized field is composed of one or two localized modes, and the travelling field is composed of no, one, two or three propagating modes depending on different conditions. The conditions for different combinations of localized modes and propagating modes are discussed.
Quantum interferences in spontaneous emission from a double V-type four-level atom in a double-band photonic crystal have been investigated. The double V-type transitions from the two upper levels to the two lower levels can interact not only with modes near the edges of a double-band photonic band gap, but also with free vacuum modes. The resulting two types of quantum interferences give rise to not only dark lines, but also a narrow spontaneous line in the spectrum from the transition coupled to the free vacuum modes. The dark lines and narrow spontaneous line are shown to be dependent on the width of the forbidden gap, relative position of the upper levels from the band edges, coupling constants, and initial coherent superposition state of the system.