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Optics and Spectroscopy

Photodesorption of rubidium atoms from a sapphire surface

P. A. Petrov, Anatoly S. Pazgalev, М. А. Буркова, T. A. Vartanyan

Published Oct 1, 2017• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Photodesorption of rubidium atoms from crystalline sapphire surface is experimentally studied using the time-of-flight method and the total internal reflection effect. The adsorption energy of rubidium atoms on sapphire is determined to be ~0.7 eV. The dependence of the kinetic energy of desorbed rubidium atoms on the desorbing photon energy in the sapphire transparency range and in the absorption band of rubidium adatoms is determined. It is found that the average kinetic energy of outgoing atoms decreases at desorbing photon energies exceeding 2.3 eV. A model is proposed that relates the decrease in the kinetic energy of desorbed atoms to the appearance of a new channel of desorption of atoms in an excited electronic state.

DOI
10.1134/s0030400x17100204

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Photodesorption of rubidium atoms from crystalline sapphire surface is experimentally studied using the time-of-flight method and the total internal reflection effect. The adsorption energy of rubidium atoms on sapphire is determined to be ~0.7 eV. The dependence of the kinetic energy of desorbed rubidium atoms on the desorbing photon energy in the sapphire transparency range and in the absorption band of rubidium adatoms is determined. It is found that the average kinetic energy of outgoing atoms decreases at desorbing photon energies exceeding 2.3 eV. A model is proposed that relates the decrease in the kinetic energy of desorbed atoms to the appearance of a new channel of desorption of atoms in an excited electronic state.
The photo extraction of rubidium atoms from the bulk of a photonic crystal has been investigated. It has been found that in the case of irradiation of the crystal in the stop band where the desorbing light does not penetrate deeply, the separation of atoms occurs practically from its surface, so that the density of desorbed atoms in the cell decreases only exponentially. In the case of irradiation of the crystal outside the stop band, the bulk of the crystal is irradiated almost completely. In this connection, the exponential decrease in the density of atoms in the cell is replaced by its relatively slow reduction of diffusion nature. The bulk diffusion coefficient of rubidium atoms in the photonic crystal was measured to be 2 · 10 −8 cm 2 /s.
The desorption of excited rubidium atoms off the surface of helium nanodroplets is studied in detail using femtosecond time-resolved photoion and photoelectron imaging spectroscopy in combination with quantum wave-packet simulations. The good agreement of the measured time-dependent velocity distributions with the simulation when exciting the Rb dopant atoms into the 6p6p6p state supports the pseudodiatomic model for the Rb-He droplet interaction, even on the level of quantum wave-packet dynamics. Time-resolved photoelectron spectra reveal the partitioning of excitation energy into the dopant and the droplet degrees of freedom.
We investigated the light-induced desorption (LID) of Rb atoms from quartz substrates to understand better the LID observed in alkali-metal vapor cells used in laser cooling experiments. The substrate was first exposed to Rb under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. The Rb was found to diffuse into the substrate by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Rb atoms were then deposited with a density of $\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{15}$ atoms/cm2{}^{2}2 on the surface, from which LID was observed upon irradiation by ultraviolet light. The LID rate depended linearly on the light intensity in the investigated range up to 15 mW/cm2{}^{2}2. A typical value was 1010{10}^{10}1010 atoms/(s cm2{}^{2}2) per mW/cm2{}^{2}2 at a photon energy of 4.3 eV (290 nm in wavelength). We found that the LID rate increased with photon energy in the range 1.8--4.3 eV (700--290 nm in wavelength).
We carry out the first time-resolved measurement of Rb atoms desorbing from octadecyltrichlorosilane coated surfaces by polarizing the atoms near the surface using an evanescent wave pump pulse and watching the subsequent intensity change of another evanescent wave probe beam, and find the mean adsorption (dwell) time to be about 400 ns at a cell body temperature of 112°C. The adsorption energy is found to be 0.19 eV from the surface temperature dependence of the adsorption time. This method can be extended to study the adsorption/desorption process of other alkali atoms on other surfaces of transparent substrates with an ultimate time resolution limited by the flight time of atoms in the evanescent wave which is of the order of nanoseconds.
Optical and spin-selective time-of-flight measurement of light-induced desorption of Rb from Fe3_33​O4_44​ surfaces
Light-induced desorption of Rb atoms from a ferrimagnetic Fe[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text](001) surface was studied using a spin-selective optical method, which provides information on the spin polarization, velocity distribution, and amount of the desorbed atoms. The results showed that the intensity of the desorption of Rb from Fe[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text](001) induced by ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation was smaller than the detection limit at coverages lower than the threshold coverage at which the desorption rate began to increase. Moreover, the average magnetic quantum number of the desorbed atoms was smaller than that of electrons at the Fermi level of the Fe[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text](001) surface. These indicate that the light-induced desorption of Rb from an Fe[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text](001) surface occurs only in the high-coverage region in which the desorbing atoms are not in contact with the Fe[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] surface, and that the desorption does not involve spin transfer.