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IEEE/LEOS Summer Topical Meetings

Time-Domain Measurement of Continuous-Variable Entanglement Using Temporally Shaped Local Oscillator Pulses

Ami Shinjo, Yujiro Eto, Takuya Hirano

Published Jul 1, 2018• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrated time-domain measurement and frequency domain measurement of continuous-variable (CV) entanglement with pulsed light source and waveguides. The experiment with pulsed light source has difficulty in temporal mode matching between the entangled beams and local oscillator (LO) beams. To break through this difficulty, we shorten the duration of LO pulse by optical parametric amplification (OPA) in a waveguide. We generated entanglement that satisfied EPR-Reid criterion in the time domain measurement.

DOI
10.1109/phosst.2018.8456728

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We demonstrated time-domain measurement and frequency domain measurement of continuous-variable (CV) entanglement with pulsed light source and waveguides. The experiment with pulsed light source has difficulty in temporal mode matching between the entangled beams and local oscillator (LO) beams. To break through this difficulty, we shorten the duration of LO pulse by optical parametric amplification (OPA) in a waveguide. We generated entanglement that satisfied EPR-Reid criterion in the time domain measurement.
We report an experimental demonstration of the continuous-variable Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox and quantum steering using a pulsed light source and nonlinear optical waveguides. In this pulsed light source experiment, time-domain measurements were performed in which one measured value of the quadrature phase amplitude of the light field was independently obtained for each pulse. This independence is useful for application to quantum information processing and fundamental physics. To realize time-domain measurements, in-house built homodyne detectors were used to detect individual pulses. In addition, to improve the temporal-mode matching between the local oscillator (LO) and entangled pulse, the duration of the LO pulse was shortened by single-pass optical parametric amplification. The product of the conditional variances of the quadrature amplitudes was 0.82 ± 0.09 < 1, which satisfies the condition for realization of the EPR paradox and quantum steering.
Mode matching plays an important role in measuring the continuous variable entanglement. For the signal and idler twin beams generated by a pulse pumped fiber optical parametric amplifier (FOPA), the spatial mode matching is automatically achieved in single mode fiber, but the temporal mode property is complicated because it is highly sensitive to the dispersion and the gain of the FOPA. We study the temporal mode structure and derive the input-output relation for each temporal mode of signal and idler beams after decomposing the joint spectral function of twin beams with the singular-value decomposition method. We analyze the measurement of the quadrature-amplitude entanglement, and find mode matching between the multi-mode twin beams and the local oscillators of homodyne detection systems is crucial to achieve a high degree of entanglement. The results show that the noise contributed by the temporal modes nonorthogonal to local oscillator may be much larger than the vacuum noise, so the mode mis-match can not be accounted for by merely introducing an effective loss. Our study will be useful for developing a source of high quality continuous variable entanglement by using the FOPA.
Field-orthogonal temporal mode analysis of optical fields has recently been developed for a new framework of quantum information science. However, so far, the exact profiles of the temporal modes are not known, which makes it difficult to achieve mode selection and demultiplexing. Here, we report a novel method that measures directly the exact form of the temporal modes. This, in turn, enables us to make mode-orthogonal homodyne detection with mode-matched local oscillators. We apply the method to a pulse-pumped, specially engineered fiber parametric amplifier and demonstrate temporally multiplexed multidimensional quantum entanglement of continuous variables in telecom wavelength. The temporal mode characterization technique can be generalized to other pulse-excited systems to find their eigenmodes for multiplexing in the temporal domain.
Mode matching plays an important role in measuring the continuous variable entanglement. For the signal and idler twin beams generated by a pulse pumped fiber optical parametric amplifier (FOPA), the spatial mode matching is automatically achieved in single mode fiber, but the temporal mode property is complicated because it is highly sensitive to the dispersion and the gain of the FOPA. We study the temporal mode structure and derive the input-output relation for each temporal mode of signal and idler beams after decomposing the joint spectral function of twin beams with the singular-value decomposition method. We analyze the measurement of the quadrature-amplitude entanglement, and find mode matching between the multi-mode twin beams and the local oscillators of homodyne detection systems is crucial to achieve a high degree of entanglement. The results show that the noise contributed by the temporal modes nonorthogonal to local oscillator may be much larger than the vacuum noise, so the mode mis-match can not be accounted for by merely introducing an effective loss. Our study will be useful for developing a source of high quality continuous variable entanglement by using the FOPA.
We experimentally demonstrate the creation and characterization of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) correlation between optical beams in a time-gated fashion. The correlated beams are created with two independent continuous-wave optical parametric oscillators and a half beam splitter. We define the temporal modes using a square temporal filter with duration TTT and make time-resolved measurements on the generated state. We observe correlations between the relevant conjugate variables in the temporal mode which correspond to EPR correlation. Our scheme is extendable to continuous-variable quantum teleportation of a non-Gaussian state defined in the time domain such as a superposition of coherent states.