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Applied Sciences

Ghost Spectroscopy with Classical Correlated Amplified Spontaneous Emission Photons Emitted by An Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier

Patrick Janassek, Andreas Herdt, Sébastien Blumenstein, Wolfgang Elsäßer

Published Oct 13, 2018• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate wavelength-wavelength correlations of classical broad-band amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) photons emitted by an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) in a wavelength regime around 1530 nm. We then apply these classical correlated photons in the framework of a real-world ghost spectroscopy experiment at a wavelength of 1533 nm to acetylene ( C 2 H 2 ) reproducing the characteristic absorption features of the C-H stretch and rotational bands. This proof-of-principle experiment confirms the generalization of an ASE source concept offering an attractive light source for classical ghost spectroscopy. It is expected that this will enable further disseminating ghost modality schemes by exploiting classical correlated photons towards applications in chemistry, physics and engineering.

DOI
10.3390/app8101896

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Scientific Reports•Feb 2, 2017•35 citations
We demonstrate wavelength-wavelength correlations of classical broad-band amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) photons emitted by an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) in a wavelength regime around 1530 nm. We then apply these classical correlated photons in the framework of a real-world ghost spectroscopy experiment at a wavelength of 1533 nm to acetylene ( C 2 H 2 ) reproducing the characteristic absorption features of the C-H stretch and rotational bands. This proof-of-principle experiment confirms the generalization of an ASE source concept offering an attractive light source for classical ghost spectroscopy. It is expected that this will enable further disseminating ghost modality schemes by exploiting classical correlated photons towards applications in chemistry, physics and engineering.
We demonstrate wavelength-wavelength correlations of classical broad-band amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) photons emitted by an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) in a wavelength regime around 1530nm. We then apply these classical correlated photons in the framework of a real-world ghost spectroscopy experiment at a wavelength of 1533nm to acetylene (C2H2) reproducing the characteristic absorption features of the C-H stretch and rotational bands. This proof-of-principle experiment confirms the generalization of an ASE source concept offering an attractive light source for classical ghost spectroscopy. It is expected that this will enable further disseminating ghost modality schemes by exploiting classical correlated photons towards applications in chemistry, physics and engineering.
Ghost metrology is a measurement modality exploiting correlations of photons. At ICTON 2017 [1], we had demonstrated ghost imaging by using a novel, extremely compact superluminescent diode source based on Amplified Spontaneous Emission and exhibiting photon bunching. Here, we now demonstrate that amplified spontaneous emission light emitted both by a spectrally broad-band semiconductor-based superluminescent diode and an erbium-doped fibre amplifier (EDFA) exhibit spectral photon correlations in the spirit of the Hanbury-Brown & Twiss (HBT) experiment, however now in the spectral domain. We then apply these spectral photon correlations within two proof-of-principal ghost spectroscopy experiments, one at an absorption band of trichloromethane (chloroform) at 1214 nm and another one at 1533nm at acetylene (C2H2) reproducing the characteristic absorption features. This ghost spectroscopy work fills the gap of a hitherto missing analogy between the spatial and the spectral domain in classical ghost modalities. Finally, by exploiting polarization correlations of light from an EDFA we succeed in reconstructing a hidden, camouflaged polarization in a ghost polarimetry experiment in close analogy to ghost imaging and ghost spectroscopy. Via these successfully demonstrated results, we are contributing towards a broader dissemination of correlated photon ghost modalities, hence paving the way towards more applications which exploit their favourable advantages.
Ghost modalities are by no means ``spooky actions'', but are metrology schemes exploiting intensity correlations of light, based on the fundamentals of quantum optics. The authors demonstrate ghost spectroscopy based on classical photon correlations in the wavelength domain of broad-band light emitted by an ultraminiaturized superluminescent semiconductor diode. Comprehensive proof of principle is provided by a real-world experiment on chloroform at 1214 nm. This demonstrated analogy between ghost imaging and ghost spectroscopy is expected to further fertilize the field, to promote a deeper understanding, and to lead even to other protocols in ghost metrology.
Ghost imaging (GI) is one of the recent fascinating and probably counterintuitive topics of quantum optics. Here, we present an alternative classical GI scheme using spectrally ultrabroadband amplified spontaneous emission from an optoelectronic quantum dot based superluminescent diode source. This light source exhibits highly incoherent properties regarding both first- and second-order correlations with a 70 nm-wide optical spectrum as well as thermal-like photon statistics. Exploiting a two-photon-absorption detection method, we demonstrate for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, a GI experiment handling the corresponding femtosecond correlation timescales. By introducing compact broadband light sources to GI, this work contributes toward practical application of GI.
A model is presented for erbium-doped fiber amplifiers that operate by an upconversion process in which two pump photons at ~800 nm are absorbed and can provide an inverted population and hence the ability to amplify signal photons at ~850 nm. The most important spectroscopic features of the amplifier are identified and used to formulate a theory that predicts how the amplifier gain varies with fiber length and doping density, as well as with launched pump and signal powers. The limitation that amplified spontaneous emission imposes on the gain is investigated, and useful approximate formulas are derived in the limit where amplified spontaneous emission is negligible.
Initially, ghost imaging (GI) was demonstrated with entangled light from parametric down conversion. Later, classical light sources were introduced with the development of thermal light GI concepts. State-of-the-art classical GI light sources rely either on complex combinations of coherent light with spatially randomizing optical elements or on incoherent lamps with monochromating optics, however suffering strong losses of efficiency and directionality. Here, a broad-area superluminescent diode is proposed as a new light source for classical ghost imaging. The coherence behavior of this spectrally broadband emitting opto-electronic light source is investigated in detail. An interferometric two-photon detection technique is exploited in order to resolve the ultra-short correlation timescales. We thereby quantify the coherence time, the photon statistics as well as the number of spatial modes unveiling a complete incoherent light behavior. With a one-dimensional proof-of-principle GI experiment, we introduce these compact emitters to the field which could be beneficial for high-speed GI systems as well as for long range GI sensing in future applications.