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Laser Physics

Hybrid correlation and squeezing with Rabi oscillation in the diamond nitrogen-vacancy center at room temperature

Changbiao Li, Mingyu Xu, Weiqi Jiang, Shengqi Wang, Zhiqiang Luo, Bowen Li, Faizan Raza, Yanpeng Zhang

Published Sep 13, 2018• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract For the first time, the energy level structure of the nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond is introduced in conjunction with a spontaneous parametric four-wave mixing (SP-FWM) process and fluorescence (FL) generation in heteronuclear-like (V-type level) systems. The obtained output signals are characterized by their decaying components and differentiated by Rabi oscillation, while their lifetimes are modulated by changing the power of the laser field. Two- and three-mode correlation and squeezing among the SP-FWM and FL composite signals are investigated theoretically and experimentally. By selecting different time delayed positions and changing the power of the laser field, competition between the SP-FWM and FL composite signals is demonstrated; this can also control the two-stage line shape of hybrid correlation and the magnitude of squeezing. Such results may find potential applications in optical transistors and optical hybrid communications.

DOI
10.1088/1555-6611/aad470

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Abstract For the first time, the energy level structure of the nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond is introduced in conjunction with a spontaneous parametric four-wave mixing (SP-FWM) process and fluorescence (FL) generation in heteronuclear-like (V-type level) systems. The obtained output signals are characterized by their decaying components and differentiated by Rabi oscillation, while their lifetimes are modulated by changing the power of the laser field. Two- and three-mode correlation and squeezing among the SP-FWM and FL composite signals are investigated theoretically and experimentally. By selecting different time delayed positions and changing the power of the laser field, competition between the SP-FWM and FL composite signals is demonstrated; this can also control the two-stage line shape of hybrid correlation and the magnitude of squeezing. Such results may find potential applications in optical transistors and optical hybrid communications.
Two- and three-mode correlation and squeezing of spontaneous parametric four-wave mixing (SPFWM) and fourth-order fluorescence (FL) composite signals are investigated theoretically and experimentally in both homonuclear (two-level) and heteronuclearlike (V-type level) molecular systems of Pr3+\mathrm{P}{\mathrm{r}}^{3+}Pr3+:YSO. By selecting different time positions, changing the power, and changing the frequency detuning of the laser field, the competition between the composite signals is demonstrated. It is found that as the laser parameters change, the signal evolves from a nonlinear ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{(4)}$ process resulting in a FL signal to a SPFWM signal $({\ensuremath{\chi}}^{(3)}$ process). In addition, the competition effect between the signals determines the evolution of the shape of the correlation from a pure sharp to a two-stage (mixed) shape and finally to a pure broad peak amplitude. Furthermore, the signal evolution determines the magnitude of squeezing, which can control the noise level. Such progress may find potential applications in optical hybrid communication and information processing.
Abstract We investigate intensity noise correlation of hybrid signals generated through spontaneous parametric four-wave mixing and fourth-order fluorescence signals from the nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond. The degree of hybrid correlation changes with power, frequency detuning, and experimental temperature. A theoretical model including spontaneously generated coherence in the dressed-state picture is set up to explain this phenomenon. We also observed damped Rabi oscillations in spontaneous parametric four-wave mixing and attributed it to quantum interference between two four-wave mixing transition paths.
Color defects in a diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center represent an important physical system for emergent quantum technologies such as logic gates and registers at room temperature. We realized an optical logic NOT gate by inducing a phase shift in a diamond NV center under nonlinear Kerr effect of spontaneous parametric four-wave mixing (SP-FWM). Also, we discussed the intensity–noise correlation and intensity-difference squeezing of SP-FWM and composite signals (SP-FWM+fluorescence) under self-phase modulation (SPM) and cross-phase modulation (XPM) induced by the nonlinear Kerr effect in V-type and double V-type atomic systems. Our experimental results provide an advanced technique of switching contrast by approximately 90%. Different parameters, such as the power of input laser beam and boxcar gate position, were also configured to control the SPM and XPM, which determine the switching phenomenon for correlation and squeezing.
Abstract We report the generation of three-mode hybrid intensity-noise correlation and intensity-difference squeezing of spontaneous parametric four-wave mixing (SP-FWM) and fourth-order fluorescence (FL) signals in the heteronuclear-like (three-level Λ-type) molecular structure of a Pr3+:Y2SiO5 (Pr3+:YSO) crystal using the nonlinear cross-Kerr effect under a polarized dressing effect. In the semi-classical view of a Kerr nonlinear medium, the amplitude of two-mode hybrid correlations of this kind is subject to a limit determined by the hybrid maximally entangled state. Whereas the degree of correlation and squeezing is determined by the dressing effects of the input laser fields participating in the SP-FWM process. We also find that the variations in magnitude of three-mode hybrid intensity-noise correlation and intensity-difference squeezing are consistent with nonlinear cross-Kerr processes. Such a three-mode hybrid signal may have potential applications in long-distance communication, dense coding, all-optical communication and quantum storage on photonic chips.
Optical hybrid communication is one of the key fields of quantum communications, where scientists are focusing to integrate classical and quantum system as single hybrid system. In this regard, we realized optical hybrid switch using second-order fluorescence (FL) and spontaneous parametric four-wave mixing (SPFWM). The hybrid signal contains Stokes and the FL signal which can be distinguished using power of incident beam. In addition, we investigate the resonant and off-resonant excitation spectrum of negatively charged Nitrogen-vacancy (NV-) center in diamond. The hybrid switch is realized by results obtained in time domain and intensity noise correlation. The optical hybrid switch can be controlled by power of incident beams. The hybrid index and temporal width contrast of the hybrid switch are about 4 and 90%, respectively.
We report the lifetime of spontaneous parametric four wave mixing (SP-FWM) and multiorder fluorescence in two-, three-, and four-level systems of negatively charged nitrogen vacancy (NV−) in diamond. The lifetime of SP-FWM is enhanced at high power by the induced dark state from coupling fields. The reduction and enhancement in fluorescence lifetime are attributed to destructive and constructive quantum interference, respectively. The quantum interference is induced by interaction among different decay pathways of spontaneous emission by closely spaced energy levels, which can be controlled by dipole–dipole interaction and the mutual orientations of dipole moments. The lifetime is observed to be longer in two-level as compared to three-level and four-level systems. The different measured lifetimes suggest the sensitivity of these NV systems to quantum interference and the dressing effect. These outcomes may provide new insights in development of all-optical communication devices and quantum storage on photonic chips.