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IEEE photonics journal

Hybrid Switch of Correlation and Squeezing Using Resonant and Off-Resonant Excitation Spectrum in Nitrogen-Vacancy Center Diamond

Faizan Raza, Al Imran, Abubakkar Khan, Habib Ullah, Siqiang Zhang, Siqi Xiong, Irfan Ahmed, Yanpeng Zhang

Published Aug 27, 2019• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Optical hybrid communication is one of the key fields of quantum communications, where scientists are focusing to integrate classical and quantum system as single hybrid system. In this regard, we realized optical hybrid switch using second-order fluorescence (FL) and spontaneous parametric four-wave mixing (SPFWM). The hybrid signal contains Stokes and the FL signal which can be distinguished using power of incident beam. In addition, we investigate the resonant and off-resonant excitation spectrum of negatively charged Nitrogen-vacancy (NV-) center in diamond. The hybrid switch is realized by results obtained in time domain and intensity noise correlation. The optical hybrid switch can be controlled by power of incident beams. The hybrid index and temporal width contrast of the hybrid switch are about 4 and 90%, respectively.

DOI
10.1109/jphot.2019.2937790

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Optical hybrid communication is one of the key fields of quantum communications, where scientists are focusing to integrate classical and quantum system as single hybrid system. In this regard, we realized optical hybrid switch using second-order fluorescence (FL) and spontaneous parametric four-wave mixing (SPFWM). The hybrid signal contains Stokes and the FL signal which can be distinguished using power of incident beam. In addition, we investigate the resonant and off-resonant excitation spectrum of negatively charged Nitrogen-vacancy (NV-) center in diamond. The hybrid switch is realized by results obtained in time domain and intensity noise correlation. The optical hybrid switch can be controlled by power of incident beams. The hybrid index and temporal width contrast of the hybrid switch are about 4 and 90%, respectively.
Abstract For the first time, the energy level structure of the nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond is introduced in conjunction with a spontaneous parametric four-wave mixing (SP-FWM) process and fluorescence (FL) generation in heteronuclear-like (V-type level) systems. The obtained output signals are characterized by their decaying components and differentiated by Rabi oscillation, while their lifetimes are modulated by changing the power of the laser field. Two- and three-mode correlation and squeezing among the SP-FWM and FL composite signals are investigated theoretically and experimentally. By selecting different time delayed positions and changing the power of the laser field, competition between the SP-FWM and FL composite signals is demonstrated; this can also control the two-stage line shape of hybrid correlation and the magnitude of squeezing. Such results may find potential applications in optical transistors and optical hybrid communications.
Color defects in a diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center represent an important physical system for emergent quantum technologies such as logic gates and registers at room temperature. We realized an optical logic NOT gate by inducing a phase shift in a diamond NV center under nonlinear Kerr effect of spontaneous parametric four-wave mixing (SP-FWM). Also, we discussed the intensity–noise correlation and intensity-difference squeezing of SP-FWM and composite signals (SP-FWM+fluorescence) under self-phase modulation (SPM) and cross-phase modulation (XPM) induced by the nonlinear Kerr effect in V-type and double V-type atomic systems. Our experimental results provide an advanced technique of switching contrast by approximately 90%. Different parameters, such as the power of input laser beam and boxcar gate position, were also configured to control the SPM and XPM, which determine the switching phenomenon for correlation and squeezing.
We study an optical transistor (switch and amplifier) and router by spontaneous parametric four-wave mixing and fluorescence in diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center. The routing results from three peaks of fluorescence signal in the time domain, while the switching and amplification are realized by correlation and squeezing. The intensity switching speed is about 17 ns. The optical transistor and router are controlled by the power of incident beams. Our experimental results provide that the advance technique of peak division and channel equalization ratio of about 90% are applicable to all optical switching and routing.
Two- and three-mode correlation and squeezing of spontaneous parametric four-wave mixing (SPFWM) and fourth-order fluorescence (FL) composite signals are investigated theoretically and experimentally in both homonuclear (two-level) and heteronuclearlike (V-type level) molecular systems of Pr3+\mathrm{P}{\mathrm{r}}^{3+}Pr3+:YSO. By selecting different time positions, changing the power, and changing the frequency detuning of the laser field, the competition between the composite signals is demonstrated. It is found that as the laser parameters change, the signal evolves from a nonlinear ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{(4)}$ process resulting in a FL signal to a SPFWM signal $({\ensuremath{\chi}}^{(3)}$ process). In addition, the competition effect between the signals determines the evolution of the shape of the correlation from a pure sharp to a two-stage (mixed) shape and finally to a pure broad peak amplitude. Furthermore, the signal evolution determines the magnitude of squeezing, which can control the noise level. Such progress may find potential applications in optical hybrid communication and information processing.
Abstract We investigate intensity noise correlation of hybrid signals generated through spontaneous parametric four-wave mixing and fourth-order fluorescence signals from the nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond. The degree of hybrid correlation changes with power, frequency detuning, and experimental temperature. A theoretical model including spontaneously generated coherence in the dressed-state picture is set up to explain this phenomenon. We also observed damped Rabi oscillations in spontaneous parametric four-wave mixing and attributed it to quantum interference between two four-wave mixing transition paths.
We report the experimental results of hybrid four-wave mixing and fluorescence signals from nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. The fluorescence signals are slowed owing to dark state. The observed delay time of light slowing due to interconversion between NV− and NV0 is about 6.4 μs. The relative intensities of read-out signals change with the wavelength and power of writing pulse. Based on light slowing, we present the model of all-optical time division multiplexing. The intensity ratio in different demultiplexed channels is modulated by the wavelength and power of control field. It has potential applications in quantum communication and all-optical network.