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International Conference Laser Optics (ICLO)

Application of narrow linewidth fiber laser systems in quantum frequency standards and atom interferometers based on cold atoms

G. V. Osipenko, E.V. Ivanchenko, V. N. Baryshev, M. S. Aleynikov, Igor Yu. Blinov

Published Jun 1, 2018• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report the construction and investigation of an ultra-stable laser system with a narrow spectral line of a few kHz. The system is based on frequency doubled 1560 nm fiber lasers, commonly used in telecommunications. We expect to use this system in future experiments for the development of the fountain type quantum frequency standards and quantum sensors based on atom interferometry.

DOI
10.1109/lo.2018.8435704

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We report the construction and investigation of an ultra-stable laser system with a narrow spectral line of a few kHz. The system is based on frequency doubled 1560 nm fiber lasers, commonly used in telecommunications. We expect to use this system in future experiments for the development of the fountain type quantum frequency standards and quantum sensors based on atom interferometry.
In conclusion, we have developed a new laser system to laser cool rubidium atoms based on frequency doubling of a 1560 nm fiber bench. The use of telecom components gives us a reliable and compact system robust compare to environmental perturbations. Our laser system should find applications for onboard cold atoms experiments like inertial captors or atomic clocks. For example, our laser could be used in matter wave interferometers in space like the project ICE supported by CNES. We should also point out that our laser system can also address potassium atoms which have a laser cooling wavelength of 767 nm.
The paper presents the results of the development of a laser-optical system for atomic interferometer based on rubidium atoms cooled to sub-Doppler temperatures. The laser-optical scheme was created to ensure the processes of cooling, pumping, and detecting atoms involved in interferometric measurements of free-fall acceleration. The system utilizes frequency doubled fiber lasers and broadband fiber electro-optical modulators. The choice of fiber lasers is driven by their high efficiency, narrow spectral line, low phase noise levels, as well as ease of operation and reliability. Laser frequency stabilization was carried out using modulation transfer spectroscopy and optical phase-locking methods. Experimental setups were described that allow the generation of multichromatic radiation and minimize spontaneous scattering by detuning from excited levels. It was noted that the design provides a full set of optical frequencies necessary for Raman spectroscopy. The amplitudes of frequency fluctuations of the cooling and pumping lasers were studied. It was shown that the implemented laser-optical system can ensure continuous operation of an atomic interferometer based on clouds of cold rubidium atoms, and an assessment of the fundamental sensitivity limit was conducted.
Narrow-linewidth lasers with absolute frequency anchoring are essential for precision metrology, coherent sensing, and emerging quantum technologies beyond laboratory environments. Optical cavities and interferometers provide exceptional short-term spectral purity but lack intrinsic absolute frequency references. Atomic transitions, in contrast, provide stable frequency anchors but offer limited discrimination sensitivity. Recent hybrid approaches have demonstrated the combination of compact optical resonators with atomic references, yet achieving the Hz-level regime remains challenging. Here, we present a hybrid architecture that enables simultaneous realization of Hz-level linewidth and atomic-referenced frequency stability. An external-cavity diode laser is first stabilized to a fiber interferometer to achieve Hz-level spectral purity, while the interferometer is subsequently anchored to an 87Rb D2 transition via modulation transfer spectroscopy to suppress long-term drift and define the laser frequency relative to the atomic transition. This dual-stabilization scheme realizes a compact atomic-referenced laser with a 3.4-Hz linewidth (1-rad integrated-phase method), a minimum fractional frequency stability of 3.4x10-14 at 0.56 s, and 9x10-13 at 100 s. This architecture establishes a practical and scalable route toward compact and field-deployable atomic-referenced narrow-linewidth lasers for precision metrology and quantum technologies.