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Applied Sciences

Coherent Optical Field Manipulation and Optical Information Processing Based on Electromagnetically-Induced Transparency Effect in Pr3+:Y2SiO5 Crystal

Jianji Liu, Zhixiang Li, Hongming Fan, Guoquan Zhang

Published Jul 19, 2018• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We reviewed the recent progress in coherent manipulation on light fields based on the electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT) effect in Pr3+-doped Y2SiO5 crystal. The results show that, on one hand, the atomic coherence grating, formed when the light pulse is stored in Pr3+:Y2SiO5 crystal under the EIT condition has similar properties to the traditional holographic grating. On the other hand, the atomic coherence grating has its own unique characteristics that are different from those of traditional holographic grating. The EIT-induced nonlinearity and atomic coherence gratings can be used to manipulate the amplitude, the phase and the polarization state of light fields; therefore, they are of important applications for optical signal processing, quantum information processing and imaging processing.

DOI
10.3390/app8071179

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We reviewed the recent progress in coherent manipulation on light fields based on the electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT) effect in Pr3+-doped Y2SiO5 crystal. The results show that, on one hand, the atomic coherence grating, formed when the light pulse is stored in Pr3+:Y2SiO5 crystal under the EIT condition has similar properties to the traditional holographic grating. On the other hand, the atomic coherence grating has its own unique characteristics that are different from those of traditional holographic grating. The EIT-induced nonlinearity and atomic coherence gratings can be used to manipulate the amplitude, the phase and the polarization state of light fields; therefore, they are of important applications for optical signal processing, quantum information processing and imaging processing.
Atomic coherence is the interaction process between light and atoms, that is one or more coherent fields couple the different atomic states and cause the quantum interference between the different transition channels. Atomic coherence has led to many interesting and unexpected consequences, such as the Hanle effects, electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), coherence population trapping (CPT), stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP), spontaneous emission control, resonant enhancement of optical nonlinearity, slow and superluminal light propagation, quantum light storage, etc. In which, light storage based on atomic coherence plays an important role in the coherent control of light pulse information. In this chapter, we present some previous works on atomic coherence and optical storage. Firstly, we present the storage and recovery of light pulse based on F-STIRAP, which is fundamentally different from the conventional EIT-based process. Secondly, we present the applications of light storage based on EIT in a Pr3+:Y2SiO5 crystal, which includes the erasure of stored optical information, all-optical routing by light storage, and the coherent control of double light pulses. At last, we propose theoretically and demonstrate experimentally a method to control the atomic coherence by a STIRAP or F-STIRAP process.
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Abstract We achieved high visibility first-order subwavelength interference based on light pulse storage and retrieval technique via electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effect in a Pr3+:Y2SiO5 crystal. The interference field distribution of a double-slit was first stored in a Pr3+:Y2SiO5 crystal based on EIT effect, and then it was read out by a spatially modulated readout beam. The retrieved output field is proportional to the product of the input interference field of the double-slit and the spatially modulated readout field. High visibility first-order subwavelength interference with an effective wavelength of λ/n, where λ is the wavelength of the input light field and n is any positive integer, can be obtained by designing the spatial modulation structure of the readout field. Experimentally, first-order subwavelength interference with an effective wavelength of λ/3 and a visibility of 67% were demonstrated. Such first-order subwavelength interference has important applications on high resolution optical lithography.
We observed angular multiplexing storage of multiple light pulses in a Pr3+:Y2SiO5{\text{Pr}}^{3+}:{\text{Y}}_{2}{\text{SiO}}_{5}Pr3+:Y2​SiO5​ crystal based on electromagnetically induced transparency. Addressable routing of stored light pulses with an angular resolution of $\ensuremath{\sim}1\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ and without cross-talk between two neighboring channels, which serves as an addressable optical buffer memory, was demonstrated experimentally in a 3-mm Pr3+:Y2SiO5{\text{Pr}}^{3+}:{\text{Y}}_{2}{\text{SiO}}_{5}Pr3+:Y2​SiO5​ crystal. Angular multiplexing storage of light pulses opens a way to manipulate light pulses selectively and in parallel, and therefore, is of important potential applications in quantum information processing and addressable all-optical delay lines and buffers.
In this chapter, we give a brief review of our recent research works on photonic bandgaps induced by standing-wave (SW) coupling fields in the regime of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). EIT refers to the absorption suppression or elimination of a weak probe going through an atomic ensemble at the presence of a strong coupling, which is a result of laser induced destructive quantum interference. On the other hand, a light signal cannot freely propagate in the media with periodic refractive indices (the so-called photonic crystals) if its carrier frequencies fall inside the photonic bandgaps. Utilizing a SW coupling to attain the periodically modulated refractive index with little absorption, one can establish an induced photonic bandgap with its width and position dynamically tunable. The potential media may be either cold atomic ensembles or solid materials exhibiting defect states, such as Pr3+: Y2SiO5 and diamond containing N-V color centers. We first consider the steady optical responses of the atomic and solid media with dynamically induced bandgaps to a time- independent probe by focusing on the dispersion curves of Bloch wave vectors and the spectra of reflection and transmission. Then, we examine the propagation dynamics of a probe pulse through a cold atomic sample in two different situations where a dynamically induced bandgap exists or not. We find that the SW coupling field can be easily modulated to mold the traveling-light flow and to control the stationary-light generation with quite high flexibility, and thus may have applications in the fields of classical and quantum information processing of optical signals. In performing theoretical simulations, we also demonstrated several different but almost equivalent mathematical methods, i.e. the two-mode approximation method, the transfer-matrix method, and the Maxwell-Liouville equation method, to deal with the problems of SW-EIT. Comparison of these methods is quite helpful to understand the underlying physics of the formation of dynamically induced photonic bandgaps.