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Scientific Reports

High visibility first-order subwavelength interference based on light pulse storage via electromagnetically induced transparency

Zhixiang Li, Jianji Liu, Hongming Fan, Jiachen Liu, Guoquan Zhang

Published May 18, 2017• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We achieved high visibility first-order subwavelength interference based on light pulse storage and retrieval technique via electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effect in a Pr3+:Y2SiO5 crystal. The interference field distribution of a double-slit was first stored in a Pr3+:Y2SiO5 crystal based on EIT effect, and then it was read out by a spatially modulated readout beam. The retrieved output field is proportional to the product of the input interference field of the double-slit and the spatially modulated readout field. High visibility first-order subwavelength interference with an effective wavelength of λ/n, where λ is the wavelength of the input light field and n is any positive integer, can be obtained by designing the spatial modulation structure of the readout field. Experimentally, first-order subwavelength interference with an effective wavelength of λ/3 and a visibility of 67% were demonstrated. Such first-order subwavelength interference has important applications on high resolution optical lithography.

DOI
10.1038/s41598-017-02504-7

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Abstract We achieved high visibility first-order subwavelength interference based on light pulse storage and retrieval technique via electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effect in a Pr3+:Y2SiO5 crystal. The interference field distribution of a double-slit was first stored in a Pr3+:Y2SiO5 crystal based on EIT effect, and then it was read out by a spatially modulated readout beam. The retrieved output field is proportional to the product of the input interference field of the double-slit and the spatially modulated readout field. High visibility first-order subwavelength interference with an effective wavelength of λ/n, where λ is the wavelength of the input light field and n is any positive integer, can be obtained by designing the spatial modulation structure of the readout field. Experimentally, first-order subwavelength interference with an effective wavelength of λ/3 and a visibility of 67% were demonstrated. Such first-order subwavelength interference has important applications on high resolution optical lithography.
We reviewed the recent progress in coherent manipulation on light fields based on the electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT) effect in Pr3+-doped Y2SiO5 crystal. The results show that, on one hand, the atomic coherence grating, formed when the light pulse is stored in Pr3+:Y2SiO5 crystal under the EIT condition has similar properties to the traditional holographic grating. On the other hand, the atomic coherence grating has its own unique characteristics that are different from those of traditional holographic grating. The EIT-induced nonlinearity and atomic coherence gratings can be used to manipulate the amplitude, the phase and the polarization state of light fields; therefore, they are of important applications for optical signal processing, quantum information processing and imaging processing.
We demonstrate efficient storage and retrieval of light pulses by electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a Pr^{3+}:Y_{2}SiO_{5} crystal. Using a ring-type multipass configuration, we increase the optical depth (OD) of the medium up to a factor of 16 towards OD≈96. Combining the large optical depth with optimized conditions for EIT, we reach a light storage efficiency of (76.3±3.5)%. In addition, we perform extended systematic measurements of the storage efficiency versus optical depth, control Rabi frequency, and probe pulse duration. The data confirm the theoretically expected behavior of an EIT-driven solid-state memory.
We observed angular multiplexing storage of multiple light pulses in a Pr3+:Y2SiO5{\text{Pr}}^{3+}:{\text{Y}}_{2}{\text{SiO}}_{5}Pr3+:Y2​SiO5​ crystal based on electromagnetically induced transparency. Addressable routing of stored light pulses with an angular resolution of $\ensuremath{\sim}1\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ and without cross-talk between two neighboring channels, which serves as an addressable optical buffer memory, was demonstrated experimentally in a 3-mm Pr3+:Y2SiO5{\text{Pr}}^{3+}:{\text{Y}}_{2}{\text{SiO}}_{5}Pr3+:Y2​SiO5​ crystal. Angular multiplexing storage of light pulses opens a way to manipulate light pulses selectively and in parallel, and therefore, is of important potential applications in quantum information processing and addressable all-optical delay lines and buffers.
We experimentally demonstrate an all-optical routing based on light storage in a Pr3+:Y2SiO5 crystal. Under electromagnetically induced transparency, the optical information of the probe light pulse can be stored in the crystal. By simultaneously switching on two retrieve control fields in the release process, the stored optical information from one light channel can be distributed into two light channels. Such an all-optical routing in solids may have practical applications in quantum information and all-optical network.
The authors experimentally demonstrated the optical information transfer between two frequencies channels based on electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT) in a four level double lambda system in Pr∶YSO crystal.Under the conditions of EIT,a weak probe pulse is slowed during the propagation in the crystal.A group velocity of 86 m/s is observed experimentally.By adiabatically switching off the control field,most of the probe pulse is stored in the sample.By switching on two control fields(with distinct frequencies and direction) in the release process,the stored optical information is distributed into two spatially-separated channels from the original slow light pulse with a single channel.By adjusting the two control fields in the release process,the information of slowed light pulse can be converted between the frequencies channels.