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Optics Express

Investigation of residual amplitude modulation in squeezed state generation system

Zhixiu Li, Xiaocong Sun, Yajun Wang, Yaohui Zheng, Kunchi Peng

Published Jul 10, 2018• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present an analysis on how the optical parametric oscillator (OPO) detuning and the relative phase drift deteriorate the stability of the squeezed states, including the output power and the squeezed degree, and investigate the influence of RAM on the cavity detuning and the relative phase drift under different cases. Subsequently, the RAM is experimentally measured. In term of the measurement results, we perform a comparative study about RAM's influence on the cavity and phase locking in two cases. As a result, with the error signal extracted from the transmission of the OPO, the output power stability of the squeezed light is greatly improved. With the phase modulation imposed on the signal beam, the long-term stability of the squeezed degree is significantly enhanced.

DOI
10.1364/oe.26.018957

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We present an analysis on how the optical parametric oscillator (OPO) detuning and the relative phase drift deteriorate the stability of the squeezed states, including the output power and the squeezed degree, and investigate the influence of RAM on the cavity detuning and the relative phase drift under different cases. Subsequently, the RAM is experimentally measured. In term of the measurement results, we perform a comparative study about RAM's influence on the cavity and phase locking in two cases. As a result, with the error signal extracted from the transmission of the OPO, the output power stability of the squeezed light is greatly improved. With the phase modulation imposed on the signal beam, the long-term stability of the squeezed degree is significantly enhanced.
We design and demonstrate a technique for the active stabilization of the relative phase between seed and pump in an optical parametric oscillator (OPO). We show that two error signals for the stabilization of the OPO frequency, based on Pound-Drever-Hall (PDH), and of the seed-pump relative phase can be obtained just from the reflected beam of the OPO cavity, without the necessity of two different modulation and demodulation stages. We also analyze the effect of the pump in the cavity stabilization for different seed-pump relative phase configurations, resulting in an offset in the PDH error signal, which has to be compensated. Finally, an application of our technique in the reliable generation of squeezed coherent states is presented.
We present a mutual compensation scheme of three phase fluctuations, originating from the residual amplitude modulation (RAM) in the phase modulation process, in the bright squeezed light generation system. The influence of the RAM on each locking loop is harmonized by using one electro-optic modulator (EOM), and the direction of the phase fluctuation is manipulated by positioning the photodetector (PD) that extracts the error signal before or after the optical parametric amplifier (OPA). Therefore a bright squeezed light with non-classical noise reduction of π is obtained. By fitting the squeezing and antisqueezing measurement results, we confirm that the total phase fluctuation of the system is around 3.1 mrad. The fluctuation of the noise suppression is 0.2 dB for 3 h.
We investigate the effects of cavity detuning on squeezing in the generation of the squeezed light at 1064 nm with a degenerate optical parametric amplifier (OPA) based on a periodically poled KTiOPO4 crystal. We theoretically analyze several effects that lead to cavity detuning, including the displacement and tilt of the incident laser light and the cavity length fluctuations of the OPA. To reduce the influence of the cavity detuning and increase the degree of generated quantum noise reduction, a side-of-fringe locking technique is applied to achieve the resonance between the OPA cavity and the injected laser beam. The experimental results show that the transmitted power through the locked cavity is increased and the cavity detuning is greatly suppressed. After locking of the cavity, we could expect to get a value for the control loop with an accuracy of 10−9 and the locking time is not less than 2 h, which paves the way for the preparation of the squeezed light.
A fringe-locking technique was employed to stabilize the optical parametric oscillator cavity,which would be affected by external environmental disturbance,such as vibration and airflow.First,how the locking point influence the squeezing degree was analyzed theoretically,the results show that position at half of the transmission peak could be the best locking point.Then the fringe-locking technique was applied to achieve the resonance between the optical parametric oscillator cavity and the injected infrared light experimentally.The experimental results show that the length variance of the cavity in continuous operation over 2his 7.27 nm and the longest locking time is 3.8h,which is sufficient for the detection of the squeezed states of light.
We report on a compensation characteristic of the phase shifts, originating from the cavity detuning and phase mismatching, in the process of squeezed state generation. In the experiment, the maximum level of squeezing was not generated under coresonance in a doubly resonant optical parametric oscillator (OPO), which was theoretically explained based on the motion equation of the OPO. Furthermore, the power dependence of the squeezing and antisqueezing was also measured at the coresonance and the optimum noise reduction status. The results revalidated the compensation mechanism. Finally, the amplitude quadrature (or vacuum) noise reduction was raised to 11.7 dB (or 12.3 dB) at 8 MHz by finely tuning the crystal temperature away from coresonance.
Optical parametric amplifiers (OPA's) and optical parametric oscillators (OPO's) can exhibit squeezed amplification when an injected signal beam is used to elicit small-signal gain saturation. This paper extends previous work on OPA/OPO noise behavior under signal injection. Doubly resonant and triply resonant, single-ended cavities are considered in the good-cavity limit. Owing to the nonlinear coupling between the signal and idler beams within the cavity, both are sensitive to the detuning of each beam from its respective resonance. Signal and idler output noise spectra are found by linearizing the quantum coupled-mode equations about the classical mean-field solutions. Cavity detunings lead to frequency dependent phase shifts between the low-noise and high-noise quadratures of both the signal and idler beams. Moreover, the phase of the low-noise quadrature need not coincide with that of the corresponding mean field. The resulting large-signal, signal-to-noise ratio improvement afforded by squeezed amplification is therefore sensitive to the cavity detunings. The effects of classical excess noise on the pump beam and the injected signal beam are also considered.