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European Frequency and Time Forum

Photoassociation measurements to evaluate collisional shifts in strontium and prospects for clock spectroscopy with ytterbium molecules

Marcin Bober, Mateusz Borkowski, Piotr Morzyński, Sławomir Bilicki, Piotr Ablewski, R. Ciuryło, M. Zawada

Published Apr 1, 2018• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We report on a photoassociation approach to determine the scattering lengths for1So-3Po and3Po-3Po cold collisions. Positions of molecular states, connected with asymptotes of1So+3S1 and3Po+3S1 states could be determined using a tunable 679 nm laser and atoms trapped in an optical lattice. This approach allows an indirect calculation (without direct probing of1S0-3P0 molecular state) of the effect of cold collisions on an optical atomic clock operation. We also propose to realize a molecular clock with bosonic ytterbium molecules.

DOI
10.1109/eftf.2018.8409061

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Abstract With relative accuracies reaching 10−18, optical atomic clocks are currently the most sensitive physical instruments known to man. Weakly bound ultracold molecules enable the study of fundamental physics through their sensitivity to e.g. the proton-to-electron mass ratio or hypothetical Yukawa-type fifth forces predicted by several extensions of the Standard Model. These applications, however, require precision measurements of molecular transitions that are beyond current experimental capabilities. Here we propose to construct an ‘optical molecular clock’ that would solve this problem by bringing the experimental techniques used in optical atomic clocks to the realm of cold molecules. We show that such a clock could utilize ultracold ytterbium molecules and we predict the positions and properties of Yb2 clock lines. A successful experimental realization of this proposal could pave the way towards sub-Hz level molecular spectroscopy.

Journal of Physics Conference Series•Jul 1, 2019•0 citations
We report on a photoassociation approach to determine the scattering lengths for1So-3Po and3Po-3Po cold collisions. Positions of molecular states, connected with asymptotes of1So+3S1 and3Po+3S1 states could be determined using a tunable 679 nm laser and atoms trapped in an optical lattice. This approach allows an indirect calculation (without direct probing of1S0-3P0 molecular state) of the effect of cold collisions on an optical atomic clock operation. We also propose to realize a molecular clock with bosonic ytterbium molecules.
Photoassociation spectroscopy, based on forming of molecules from colliding atoms in the presence of light, is a priceless tool for the study of atomic interactions. It enables direct measurements of bound state energies, both in excited and ground state molecules. Applications include determinations of s -wave scattering lengths, as well as atomic state lifetimes. In this work we present the results of our research on the mass-scaling behaviour of molecular bound state energies and collisional properties in spin-singlet atoms. We will concentrate on two such species: strontium and ytterbium, both of which offer several stable isotopes, enabling mass tuning of the system's properties.
Optical molecular clocks promise unparalleled sensitivity to the temporal variation of the electron-to-proton mass ratio and insight into possible new physics beyond the standard model. We propose to realize a molecular clock with bosonic ^{174}Yb_{2} molecules, where the forbidden ^{1}S_{0}→^{3}P_{0} clock transition would be induced magnetically. The use of a bosonic species avoids possible complications due to the hyperfine structure present in fermionic species. While direct clock line photoassociation would be challenging, weakly bound ground state molecules could be produced by stimulated Raman adiabatic passage and used instead. The recent scattering measurements [L. Franchi, et al. New J. Phys. 19, 103037 (2017)NJOPFM1367-263010.1088/1367-2630/aa8fb4] enable us to determine the positions of target ^{1}S_{0}+^{3}P_{0} vibrational levels and calculate the Franck-Condon factors for clock transitions between ground and excited molecular states. The resulting magnetically induced Rabi frequencies are similar to those for atoms hinting that an experimental realization is feasible. A successful observation could pave the way towards Hz-level molecular spectroscopy.
Abstract This report concerns the experiment of precision spectroscopy of cold strontium atoms in the Polish National Laboratory of Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics in Toruń. The system is composed of a Zeeman slower and magneto-optical traps (at 461 nm and 689 nm), a frequency comb, and a narrow-band laser locked to an ultra-stable optical cavity. All parts of the experiment are prepared and the first measurements of the absolute frequency of the 1S0-3P1, 689 nm optical transition in 88Sr atoms are performed.
We report on the photoassociation (PA) spectroscopy of cold 171Yb^{171}\mathrm{Yb}171Yb atoms in a one-dimensional optical lattice. The PA spectral lines correlating to the 1S0+3P1^{1}S_{0}+^{3}P_{1}1S0​+3P1​ (f=1/2)(f=1/2)(f=1/2) state are observed experimentally. High accuracy and narrow atom-loss spectra are measured ranging up to about 1.2 GHz red detuning with respect to the atomic resonance. The main systematic frequency shifts of the PA transitions are determined with total uncertainties less than 100 kHz, which is more accurate than previous similar experimental results. We determine the initial scattering state of the PA spectra by comparing the spectra with polarized and unpolarized atomic samples. By comparatively analyzing theoretical results calculated based on an adiabatic molecular potential with experimental data, the excited molecular potentials corresponding to the spectral lines are clarified. The precision measurement of the narrow PA spectra plays an important role in exploring atomic interactions and lays the groundwork for the study of cold ytterbium molecules.
Abstract With relative accuracies reaching 10−18, optical atomic clocks are currently the most sensitive physical instruments known to man. Weakly bound ultracold molecules enable the study of fundamental physics through their sensitivity to e.g. the proton-to-electron mass ratio or hypothetical Yukawa-type fifth forces predicted by several extensions of the Standard Model. These applications, however, require precision measurements of molecular transitions that are beyond current experimental capabilities. Here we propose to construct an ‘optical molecular clock’ that would solve this problem by bringing the experimental techniques used in optical atomic clocks to the realm of cold molecules. We show that such a clock could utilize ultracold ytterbium molecules and we predict the positions and properties of Yb2 clock lines. A successful experimental realization of this proposal could pave the way towards sub-Hz level molecular spectroscopy.