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Physical Review A

Photoassociation spectroscopy of lattice-trapped Yb171 atoms near the S01−P13 (f=1/2) intercombination line

Changyue Sun, Di Ai, Taoyun Jin, Tao Zhang, Chengquan Peng, Qichao Qi, Xinye Xu

Published Feb 22, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report on the photoassociation (PA) spectroscopy of cold $^{171}\mathrm{Yb}$ atoms in a one-dimensional optical lattice. The PA spectral lines correlating to the $^{1}S_{0}+^{3}P_{1}$ $(f=1/2)$ state are observed experimentally. High accuracy and narrow atom-loss spectra are measured ranging up to about 1.2 GHz red detuning with respect to the atomic resonance. The main systematic frequency shifts of the PA transitions are determined with total uncertainties less than 100 kHz, which is more accurate than previous similar experimental results. We determine the initial scattering state of the PA spectra by comparing the spectra with polarized and unpolarized atomic samples. By comparatively analyzing theoretical results calculated based on an adiabatic molecular potential with experimental data, the excited molecular potentials corresponding to the spectral lines are clarified. The precision measurement of the narrow PA spectra plays an important role in exploring atomic interactions and lays the groundwork for the study of cold ytterbium molecules.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.109.022232

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We report on the photoassociation (PA) spectroscopy of cold 171Yb^{171}\mathrm{Yb}171Yb atoms in a one-dimensional optical lattice. The PA spectral lines correlating to the 1S0+3P1^{1}S_{0}+^{3}P_{1}1S0​+3P1​ (f=1/2)(f=1/2)(f=1/2) state are observed experimentally. High accuracy and narrow atom-loss spectra are measured ranging up to about 1.2 GHz red detuning with respect to the atomic resonance. The main systematic frequency shifts of the PA transitions are determined with total uncertainties less than 100 kHz, which is more accurate than previous similar experimental results. We determine the initial scattering state of the PA spectra by comparing the spectra with polarized and unpolarized atomic samples. By comparatively analyzing theoretical results calculated based on an adiabatic molecular potential with experimental data, the excited molecular potentials corresponding to the spectral lines are clarified. The precision measurement of the narrow PA spectra plays an important role in exploring atomic interactions and lays the groundwork for the study of cold ytterbium molecules.
Photoassociation (PA) of cold atoms is a key tool widely used for accurate determination of long-range molecular potentials, measurement and tuning of interatomic interactions, as well as creation of desired cold molecules. We report the observation of PA spectra of ultracold ytterbium (Yb) atoms at the 1 S 0 — 3 P 1 inter-combination line by detecting the resonant loss of atoms trapped in a crossed far-off-resonance trap (crossed-FORT). Eight vibrational levels in the 1 0 + u molecular state are observed for PA laser detunings up to 1 GHz with respect to the atomic resonance. The photoassociation resonances have a Lorentzian shape and sub-MHz linewidths due to the ultra low temperature of the atoms, and the resonance positions agree well with that predicted by the semiclassical formula.
We report on photoassociation (PA) spectroscopy of a degenerate Fermi gas of 173Yb^{173}\mathrm{Yb}173Yb atoms near the dissociation limit of the spin-forbidden 1S0^{1}S_{0}1S0​--3P1^{3}P_{1}3P1​ intercombination transition. An atom-loss spectrum is measured from a trapped sample for a spectral range down to $\ensuremath{-}1$ GHz with respect to the $f=5/2\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{f}^{\ensuremath{'}}=7/2$ atomic resonance. The spectrum shows 80 PA resonances, revealing the high nuclear spin nature of the system. To obtain additional information on the excited molecular states, we investigate the Zeeman effect on the spectrum near a detuning of $\ensuremath{-}0.8$ GHz and examine the quantum numbers of the Zeeman levels using various two-component spin mixture samples. Finally, we measure the atom-loss rate under PA light for several pronounced PA resonances.
We observed high-resolution photoassociation spectra of laser-cooled ytterbium (Yb) atoms in the spin-forbidden 1S0 - 3P1 intercombination line. The rovibrational levels in the 0u+ state were measured for red detunings of the photoassociation laser ranging from 2.9 MHz to 1.97 GHz with respect to the atomic resonance. The rotational splitting of the vibrational levels near the dissociation limit were fully resolved due to the sub-MHz linewidth of the spectra in contrast to previous measurements using the spin-allowed singlet transition. In addition, from a comparison between the spectra of 174Yb and those of 176Yb, a d-wave shape resonance for 174Yb is strongly suggested.
We report the high-resolution photoassociation (PA) spectroscopy of a 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) to excited molecular states near the dissociation limit of 5P1/2+5S1/25{P}_{1/2}+5{S}_{1/2}5P1/2​+5S1/2​ by optical Bragg scattering. Since the detection of optical Bragg scattering in the BEC has a high signal-noise ratio, we obtain the high-resolution PA spectrum of excited molecular states in the range of $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1$ GHz near the dissociation limit of 5P1/2+5S1/25{P}_{1/2}+5{S}_{1/2}5P1/2​+5S1/2​. We compare the results with the conventional method of trap loss and show that the results agree with each other very well. Many interesting phenomena of excited molecular states are observed, such as light-induced frequency shift and anomalous strong bound molecular lines at the atomic transition from $|F=1\ensuremath{\rangle}$ to $|{F}^{\ensuremath{'}}=2\ensuremath{\rangle}$. The observed excited molecular states in the range of $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1$ GHz near the dissociation limit of 5P1/2+5S1/25{P}_{1/2}+5{S}_{1/2}5P1/2​+5S1/2​ should help to further improve long-range bound-state models near the dissociation limit.
With ultracold 88Sr in a 1D magic wavelength optical lattice, we performed narrow-line photoassociation spectroscopy near the 1S0 - 3P1 intercombination transition. Nine least-bound vibrational molecular levels associated with the long-range 0u and 1u potential energy surfaces were measured and identified. A simple theoretical model accurately describes the level positions and treats the effects of the lattice confinement on the line shapes. The measured resonance strengths show that optical tuning of the ground state scattering length should be possible without significant atom loss.
The properties of photoassociation (PA) spectra near the intercombination line (the weak transition between and states) of group II atoms are theoretically investigated. As an example, we have carried out a calculation for calcium atoms colliding at ultralow temperatures of , , and . Unlike in most current photoassociation spectroscopy, the Doppler effect can significantly affect the shape of the investigated lines. Spectra are obtained using and short-range potentials and long-range van der Waals and resonance dipole potentials. The similar van der Waals coefficients of ground and excited states cause the PA to differ greatly from those of strong, allowed transitions with resonant dipole interactions. The density of spectral lines is lower, the Condon points are at relatively short range, the reflection approximation for the Franck-Condon factors is not applicable, and the spontaneous decay to bound ground-state molecules is efficient. Finally, the possibility of efficient production of cold molecules is discussed.