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Joint Conference of the European Frequency and Time Forum and IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (EFTF/IFCS)

Project of photoassociative measurements for determination of the density shift of the1S0−3P0 clock transition in neutral strontium

Marcin Bober, Piotr Morzyński, M. Zawada, Agata Cygan, Daniel Lisak, Piotr Wcisło, R. Ciuryło, Jerzy Zachorowski, Wojciech Gawlik

Published Jul 1, 2013• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present a proposal of determination of the density shift of the1S0-3P0clock transition in neutral cold strontium atoms. Since the direct use of the double forbidden, intercombination clock transition (698 nm) may be difficult we propose to use a three photon photoassociation. The measurement will be performed with the magneto-optical trap set-up designed for the experiments with both88Sr and87Sr isotopes.

DOI
10.1109/eftf-ifc.2013.6702189

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The1S0-3P0transition at 698 nm in neutral strontium has the potential to be an extremely precise optical frequency standard [1] and is one of several candidates for a future redefinition of the second. Recent measurements of this transition at three national laboratories around the world have fractional frequency uncertainties in the 1015range and agree to within a hertz [2,3,4]. To realise fully the potential accuracy of this frequency standard, in depth studies of systematic effects need to be performed in order to characterise them at the level necessary for a redefinition of the second. At the National Physical Laboratory we are developing a compact, diode laser based optical lattice clock. We intend to study the clock transition in both88Sr and87Sr with focus on the uncertainties in the frequency shifts due to blackbody radiation. The setup incorporates a novel permanent magnet based Zeeman slower [5].

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The secondary laser cooling of a cloud of strontium-88 atoms on the 1 S 0–3 P 1 (689 nm) intercombination transition captured into a magneto-optical trap has been demonstrated. We describe in detail the recapture of atoms from the primary trap operating on the strong 1 S 0–1 P 1 (461 nm) transition and determine the recapture coefficient κ, the number of atoms, and their temperature in the secondary trap as a function of experimental parameters. A temperature of 2 µK has been reached in the secondary trap at the recapture coefficient κ = 6%, which confirms the secondary cooling efficiency and is sufficient to perform metrological measurements of the 1 S 0–3 P 1 (698 nm) clock transition in an optical lattice.

Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics•Jul 1, 2015•4 citations
We present a proposal of determination of the density shift of the1S0-3P0clock transition in neutral cold strontium atoms. Since the direct use of the double forbidden, intercombination clock transition (698 nm) may be difficult we propose to use a three photon photoassociation. The measurement will be performed with the magneto-optical trap set-up designed for the experiments with both88Sr and87Sr isotopes.
The1S0-3P0transition at 698 nm in neutral strontium has the potential to be an extremely precise optical frequency standard [1] and is one of several candidates for a future redefinition of the second. Recent measurements of this transition at three national laboratories around the world have fractional frequency uncertainties in the 1015range and agree to within a hertz [2,3,4]. To realise fully the potential accuracy of this frequency standard, in depth studies of systematic effects need to be performed in order to characterise them at the level necessary for a redefinition of the second. At the National Physical Laboratory we are developing a compact, diode laser based optical lattice clock. We intend to study the clock transition in both88Sr and87Sr with focus on the uncertainties in the frequency shifts due to blackbody radiation. The setup incorporates a novel permanent magnet based Zeeman slower [5].
We report on a photoassociation approach to determine the scattering lengths for1So-3Po and3Po-3Po cold collisions. Positions of molecular states, connected with asymptotes of1So+3S1 and3Po+3S1 states could be determined using a tunable 679 nm laser and atoms trapped in an optical lattice. This approach allows an indirect calculation (without direct probing of1S0-3P0 molecular state) of the effect of cold collisions on an optical atomic clock operation. We also propose to realize a molecular clock with bosonic ytterbium molecules.
We describe the design, construction, and performance of a laser system to probe the ultra-narrow (Γ/2π ≈ mHz) clock transition 1S0 → 3P0 in strontium. We present the first reported spectroscopy of this transition in two of the bosonic isotopes, 84Sr and 86Sr. Furthermore, we measure the complete set of isotope shifts between all four stable isotopes on the clock line and the narrow intercombination line 1S0 → 3P1, permitting a King plot analysis of the isotope shifts. Complications arising from the unambiguous determination of a line center in 87Sr 3P1 prevent us from making claims about the King linearity, but we provide a statistical boot- strap analysis of the isotope shifts 88−84Sr and 88−86Sr to compute a field shift ratio F698/F689 = 0.9979, with a 95% confidence interval [0.9952,1.0008]. The intercept term K698 − (F698/F689) K689 is similarly determined to be -2.0 GHz-amu, with a 95% confidence interval [−3.9, −0.3] GHz-amu. Finally, we describe the design of a next-generation apparatus that will enable improvements on the results described here, as well as other studies that involve coherent manipulation of strontium atoms on the clock line.
We report on our progress toward the realization of an optical frequency standard referenced to strontium intercombination lines. While first frequency measurement of the weakly allowed 1S 0- 3P 1 transition was done with saturation spectroscopy on a thermal beam, we are preparing the experimental setup for high resolution spectroscopy on ultracold atoms of the doubly forbidden 1S 0- 3P 0 line. Our current setup allows the capture more than 10 7 atoms at 1 μK in 500 ms in two stages of magneto-optical trapping. We also demonstrated the dipole trapping of ultracold strontium isotopes for accurate spectroscopy and collisional measurements. A semiconductor laser source at 698 nm has already been locked to a pre-stabilization cavity obtaining a fast linewidth of less than 1 kHz. Second stage stabilization of the clock laser to ultra-high finesse cavity is in development. Recent measurement of elastic and inelastic cross-sections of the two most abundant 88Sr and 86Sr isotopes are also presented.
We report photoassociative spectroscopy of 88Sr2{^{88}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{r}}_{2}88Sr2​ in a magneto-optical trap operating on the $^{1}S_{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}^{3}P_{1}$ intercombination line at 689 nm. Photoassociative transitions are driven with a laser red detuned by 600--2400 MHz from the $^{1}S_{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}^{1}P_{1}$ atomic resonance at 461 nm. Photoassociation takes place at extremely large internuclear separation, and the photoassociative spectrum is strongly affected by relativistic retardation. A fit of the transition frequencies determines the 1P1^{1}P_{1}1P1​ atomic lifetime ($\ensuremath{\tau}=5.22\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{n}\mathrm{s}$) and resolves a discrepancy between experiment and recent theoretical calculations.
The secondary laser cooling of a cloud of strontium-88 atoms on the 1 S 0–3 P 1 (689 nm) intercombination transition captured into a magneto-optical trap has been demonstrated. We describe in detail the recapture of atoms from the primary trap operating on the strong 1 S 0–1 P 1 (461 nm) transition and determine the recapture coefficient κ, the number of atoms, and their temperature in the secondary trap as a function of experimental parameters. A temperature of 2 µK has been reached in the secondary trap at the recapture coefficient κ = 6%, which confirms the secondary cooling efficiency and is sufficient to perform metrological measurements of the 1 S 0–3 P 1 (698 nm) clock transition in an optical lattice.