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Scientific Reports

Analysis of atomic beam collimation by laser cooling

Shangyan Li, Min Zhou, Xinye Xu

Published Jun 26, 2018• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The collimation of a thermal atomic ytterbium beam utilizing a two-dimensional optical molasses is analysed by employing the Monte Carlo simulation. The dependencies of the collimation efficiency on power, frequency detuning and beam size of the laser are studied for various conditions, especially for the case of an imbalanced laser intensity and an impure laser polarization. The influences of these imperfect factors are discussed, and the lowest transverse temperature by the collimation in the experiment is evaluated.

DOI
10.1038/s41598-018-28218-y

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A well collimated atomic beam plays an important role in laser focused Cr atom deposition. The simulations of one-dimensional (1D) transverse laser cooling of Cr atomic beam is performed with the Monte Carlo method. Taking into account the stochastic initial conditions of each atom, isotopes other than 52Cr, longitudinal velocity distribution and transverse divergence, the atomic beam cooled by laser is optimized and evaluated. The obtained results are consistent with experimental. In addition, with picking out the trajectories of isotopes other than 52Cr that are not cooled by the laser the center maximum value can be reduced by 9.3%, and the FWHM is increased by 11% of the transverse distribution.
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Laser collimation of a Li atomic beam has been studied to create an intense collimated atomic beam. The gain of Li atomic intensity in the beam has been measured as functions of laser collimation parameters, such as laser-atom interaction length, laser-frequency detuning and laser power density. The Li intensity gain depends non-linearly on the laser-atom interaction length due to the longitudinal velocity distribution of the thermal Li beam (550°C). In the high laser power regime, the dependence of the Li intensity gain on the laser power and detuning disagrees with the theoretical prediction of the scattering force. These findings are explained by considering the saturation broadening of the Li absorption line. By optimizing the laser collimation parameters, 3.2-fold increase of the atomic intensity is attained for the collimated Li beam with the transverse velocity spread of±5m/s.
Simulation of two-dimensional (2D) transverse laser cooling of Cs atomic beam from pyramidal magneto-optical trap atom funnel (PMOTAF) conceived for atom lithography is presented. The results show that both the minimum full width at half maximum (FWHM) and the maximum peak value of the spatial profile of the atomic beam occur at the frequency detuning of optical molasses equals to -0.5 Г. Moreover, for each frequency detuning, an increase in the intensity of the optical molasses leads to smaller FWHM and higher peak value. The not negligible role of gravity on the atomic beam of sub-thermal longitudinal velocity along the horizontal direction is that every atomic trajectory possesses a parabolic motion either before or after laser cooling which leads to a noticeable displacement of the peak value at the observation plane with respect to the starting point.