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Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering

Laser Collimation of Li Atomic Beam.

Hiromasa Ohmi, Kiyoshi Yasutake, Masao SHIMIZU, Hiroaki Kakiuchi, Akihiro Takeuchi, Kumayasu Yoshii, Yuzo Mori

Published Jan 1, 2001• 0 citations

Abstract

Laser collimation of a Li atomic beam has been studied to create an intense collimated atomic beam. The gain of Li atomic intensity in the beam has been measured as functions of laser collimation parameters, such as laser-atom interaction length, laser-frequency detuning and laser power density. The Li intensity gain depends non-linearly on the laser-atom interaction length due to the longitudinal velocity distribution of the thermal Li beam (550°C). In the high laser power regime, the dependence of the Li intensity gain on the laser power and detuning disagrees with the theoretical prediction of the scattering force. These findings are explained by considering the saturation broadening of the Li absorption line. By optimizing the laser collimation parameters, 3.2-fold increase of the atomic intensity is attained for the collimated Li beam with the transverse velocity spread of±5m/s.

DOI: 10.2493/jjspe.67.433

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The need to collimate a beam of particles arises whenever one has to increase their phase space density (the goal is to compress a spatial and a velocity distributions of the atoms) and to increase a spatial coherence of atomic beam. The method of increasing the spatial coherence by using special scheme of collimation is only one so far known for atomic beam. There is optimal laser detuning when the atomic beam collimation is maximum. As the detuning is decreased, the degree of collimation drops drastically. Near zero detuning the broadening of the atomic beam can be clearly seen, and its intensity is decreased. The collimation of atomic beam by the retarding force was first observed with a cesium than with sodium atoms. The collimation of atomic beams by polarization gradient force was demonstrated as in one-dimensional and two-dimensional cases.

We present the results of an experimental investigation of the control of atomic beam motion by the light pressure of laser radiation. Collimation, focusing, and reflection of the atomic beam are considered. Collimation of the atomic beam is achieved by the interaction of laser radiation with atoms, when the light pressure force depends only on the atom’s velocity. A similar regime of atomic beam interaction with radiation was performed with transversal irradiation of a beam by the axis-symmetrical field. The axis-symmetrical field was formed by laser radiation reflected from the conical mirror surface of a reflecting axicon. The axis of the atomic beam coincided with that of the axicon. The collimation regime was reached under negative detuning of the laser radiation frequency from the atomic transition frequency by a value equal to several homogeneous widths. With positive detuning by the same value the regime of beam decollimation was observed.

The collimation of a thermal atomic ytterbium beam utilizing a two-dimensional optical molasses is analysed by employing the Monte Carlo simulation. The dependencies of the collimation efficiency on power, frequency detuning and beam size of the laser are studied for various conditions, especially for the case of an imbalanced laser intensity and an impure laser polarization. The influences of these imperfect factors are discussed, and the lowest transverse temperature by the collimation in the experiment is evaluated.

This paper presents the results of experimental and theoretical investigations on the control of atomic beam motion by light pressure of laser radiation. Collimation, focusing, and compression of an atomic beam are considered. Collimation of an atomic beam was achieved under the interaction of laser radiation with atoms when the light pressure force depended only on the atoms’ velocity. A similar regime of atomic beam interaction with radiation was performed under transversal irradiation of a beam by the axisymmetric field. The latter was formed by laser radiation reflected from the conical mirror surface of a reflecting axicon. The axis of an atomic beam coincided with that of the axicon. The collimation regime was reached under negative detuning of the laser radiation frequency from that of the atomic transition one by a value equal to a few homogeneous widths. Under positive detuning by the same value beam decollimation was observed.

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