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IEEE International Conference on Advanced Infocomm Technology

Passive decoy-state quantum key distribution with orbital angular momentum and pulse position modulation

Lian Wang, Yuanyuan Zhou, Xuejun Zhou, Xiao Chen, Hua-bin Xu

Published Nov 1, 2017• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Combing the orbital angular momentum and pulse position modulation, we propose a novel passive decoy-state quantum key distribution scheme with the single-intensity two-mode source. Besides, we give the lower bound of single-photon counting rate and the upper bound of single-photon error rate. Moreover, the system performance is numerically studied. The simulations demonstrate that the performance of scheme with orbital angular momentum coding is improved in terms of error rate, key generation rate and secure transmission distance. Meanwhile, by using the pulse position modulation technology, the performance is further enhanced. And the longer the frame length, the better the system performance. Therefore, our scheme does not need to modulate the light intensity, and exploits the combination of orbital angular momentum and pulse position modulation to eliminate the basis-dependent flaw and improve the key generation rate. It has certain reference value to the realization of the system.

DOI
10.1109/icait.2017.8388897

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Combing the orbital angular momentum and pulse position modulation, we propose a novel passive decoy-state quantum key distribution scheme with the single-intensity two-mode source. Besides, we give the lower bound of single-photon counting rate and the upper bound of single-photon error rate. Moreover, the system performance is numerically studied. The simulations demonstrate that the performance of scheme with orbital angular momentum coding is improved in terms of error rate, key generation rate and secure transmission distance. Meanwhile, by using the pulse position modulation technology, the performance is further enhanced. And the longer the frame length, the better the system performance. Therefore, our scheme does not need to modulate the light intensity, and exploits the combination of orbital angular momentum and pulse position modulation to eliminate the basis-dependent flaw and improve the key generation rate. It has certain reference value to the realization of the system.
We present a new scheme for realizing passive decoy-state quantum key distribution with the SARG04 protocol. It is based on parametric down-conversion sources, and we do not need to modulate the pumping light into different intensities. By applying local-mode-splitting detections on Alice’s side, legitimate users can obtain four different kinds of counting events on Bob’s side, due to intrinsic correlations between photon pairs from parametric down-conversion processes. In the new scheme, we do not need to modulate signal pulses into different intensities and can, thus, avoid introducing any intensity modulating uncertainty. As a result, quite precise estimations of single- or multi-photon-pulse contributions can be obtained, enabling better performance of the key generation rate and transmission distance compared with other existing SARG04 protocols, e.g., the four-intensity decoy-state method using either parametric down-conversion sources or weak coherent sources. Besides, through comparisons, we also find that the proposed new passive decoy-state SARG04 protocol can also show some superiority over the conventional three-intensity decoy-state BB84 protocol at long transmission distances under certain experimental conditions.
Decoy states have recently been proposed as a useful protocol for substantially improving the performance of quantum key distribution (QKD). The passive decoy-state protocol has the advantage of easier implementation, higher transmission rate and better security compared with the active decoy-state protocol. This paper analyzes the passive decoy-state protocol with different light sources, including the lastest passive state protocol with weak coherent state (WCS) and the simple passive state protocol (AYKI) with heralded single photon source (HSPS). Based on the theoretic discussion and numerical simulation, we obtain the conclusion that the passive decoy-state protocol with HSPS is easier to implement than the passive decoy-state protocol with WCS because the latter need a hardware change but the former dose not involve any hardware change on the statnard QKD scheme. The key generation rate of the passive decoy-state protocol with WCS is better than that of the passive decoy-state protocol with HSPS, but the transmission distance is less than the latter. Anyhow, the performance of the passive scheme with a threshold detector is close to the active one.
In this paper, a new decoy state scheme for quantum key distribution with parametric down-conversion source is proposed. We use both three-intensity decoy states and their triggered and nontriggered components to estimate the fraction of single-photon counts and the quantum bit-error rate of single-photon pulses, and then deduce a more accurate value of the key generation rate. The final key rate over transmission distance is simulated, which shows that we can obtain a higher key rate than that of the existing methods, including our own earlier work.
Passive decoy-state quantum key distribution systems, proven to be more desirable than active ones in some scenarios, also have the problem of device imperfections like finite-length keys. In this paper, based on the WCP source which can be used for the passive decoy-state method, we obtain the expressions of single-photon error rates, single-photon counts, and phase error rates. According to the information of smooth min-entropy, we calculate the key generation rate under the condition of finite-length key. Key generation rates with different numbers of pulses are compared by numerical simulations. From the results, it can be seen that the passive decoy-state method can have good results if the total number of pulses reaches 10 10 . We also simulate the passive decoy-state method with different probabilities of choosing a pulse for parameter estimation when the number of pulses is fixed.
In this paper, we propose a quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol based on the protocol of Bennett in 1992 (Phys Rev Lett, 68 3121, 1992) which utilized the pulse position modulation (PPM) and the orbital angular momentum (OAM) to improve the key rate and increase secure transmission distance. In our protocol, we apply PPM technology to B92 protocol (PPM-B92) to increase the key rate. In general, for an optical pulse with the average photon number μ = 0.1, we know that the empty photons is as high as 90.48%. In our protocol, there is only one time slot with photon pulses, and the photons in the pulses carry the log2 M bit information, so the key rate is improved. Bob only modulates the legal time slots to improve the efficiency of the protocol. Secondly, we apply orbital angular momentum (OAM) to the PPM-B92 protocol (PPM-OAM-B92) to increase secure transmission. OAM has rotation invariance, which solves the dependence of base. Through the MATLAB simulation results, we can see that the key rate of the PPM-B92 protocol is always higher than B92's. The PPM-OAM-B92 protocol can accommodate channel transmission loss up to 29dB.
We present a scheme for the practical decoy-state quantum key distribution with heralded single-photon source. In this scheme, only two-intensity decoy states are employed. However, its performance can approach the asymptotic case of using infinite decoy states. We compare it with the standard three-intensity decoy-state method, and through numerical simulations, we demonstrate its significant improvement over the three-intensity method in both the final key rate and the secure transmission distance. Furthermore, when taking statistical fluctuations into account, a very high key generation rate can still be obtained even at a long transmission distance.