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Journal of Contemporary Physics (Armenian Academy of Sciences)

Laser Running Waves for the Kapitza–Dirac Diffraction in the Atom Interferometer

G. A. Muradyan, A. Zh. Muradyan

Published Apr 1, 2018• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The scheme of multi-momentum atom interferometer based on the resonant Kapitza–Dirac diffraction is considered. The conclusion is made that the arms of counter propagating waves forming the standing wave, which scatters the atoms, should have the equal length.
DOI
10.3103/s1068337218020019

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In a momentum space, the resonant Kapitza–Dirac effect is described by the difference Schrödinger equation the step of which is the two-photon recoil momentum. For the interferometry of a multipath atom, the case of intense counter-propagating waves is of interest, when the number of generated momenta can reach to some tens. After that, in an intermediate stage of calculations, the discrete momentum distribution is regarded as a continuous one, and the Taylor expansion is applicable to it. This approximation preserves the spectrum of a diffraction well, in particular, the formation of a pair of almost monopulse states from the initial Gaussian distribution.
Quantum mechanical diffraction is of particular interest, because it contradicts our everyday life experience. \nThis theoretical work considers the diffraction of electrons at standing waves of light, referred \nto as the Kapitza-Dirac effect. The work focuses on a special version of a Kapitza-Dirac effect in which \nthe electron interacts with three photons. The particular property of this 3-photon Kapitza-Dirac effect \nis, that the electron spin is rotated. \nThis work considers different relativistic and non-relativistic quantum mechanical wave equations \nwhich are described in momentum space. On one hand, the quantum dynamics of the diffracted electrons \nis solved numerically in momentum space and the properties of the 3-photon Kapitza-Dirac effect \nare investigated in detail. On the other hand, the quantum dynamics is solved via time-dependent \nperturbation theory and is compared with the numerical results. \nIn contrast to the originally proposed Kapitza-Dirac effect with two interacting photons, the number \nof absorbed and emitted photons by the electron is not equal for the 3-photon Kapitza-Dirac effect. \nTherefore, the diffraction process only appears for relativistic electron momenta in laser propagation \ndirection. Furthermore, a very high field strength of the laser beam is required for driving the Kapitza- \nDirac effect with a measurable diffraction probability. The electron spin is rotated along the axis of the \nmagnetic field of the laser beam, when it undergoes the diffraction process. The rotation angle of the \nspin rotation depends on the electron momentum component in laser polarization direction. Therefore, \nthe probability for flipping the electron spin can be tuned by choosing the electron momentum in \nthe direction of the laser polarization. An experimental investigation may by established by utilizing \nfuture X-ray laser facilities.