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New Journal of Physics

Resonant interaction of slow light solitons and dispersive waves in nonlinear chiral photonic waveguide

Alexey V. Yulin, Ivan V. Iorsh, Ivan Andreevich Shelykh

Published May 15, 2018• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study the structure of the elementary excitations and their propagation in chiral hybrid structure, comprising an array of two-level systems (TLSs) coupled to a one-dimensional photonic waveguide. The chirality is achieved via spin-locking effect, which in an ideal case gives perfect unidirectional excitation transport. We show that the application of transverse magnetic field which mixes the corresponding levels in TLS results in the emergence of the slow light mode in the photonic spectrum. Finally, we demonstrate the protocols of writing the signal to the slow light mode as well as reading it out with ultrashort optical pulses, which opens new avenues for the realization of optical memory devices based on chiral optical systems.

DOI
10.1088/1367-2630/aac4fa

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We study the structure of the elementary excitations and their propagation in chiral hybrid structure, comprising an array of two-level systems (TLSs) coupled to a one-dimensional photonic waveguide. The chirality is achieved via spin-locking effect, which in an ideal case gives perfect unidirectional excitation transport. We show that the application of transverse magnetic field which mixes the corresponding levels in TLS results in the emergence of the slow light mode in the photonic spectrum. Finally, we demonstrate the protocols of writing the signal to the slow light mode as well as reading it out with ultrashort optical pulses, which opens new avenues for the realization of optical memory devices based on chiral optical systems.
In this work we considered light interaction with two-level quantum systems chirally coupled to a single guided mode with account for a spin-locking effect. The chiral coupling allows achieving asymmetric interaction between the two-level systems, which strongly affects the light scattering of a guided mode of an optical nanofiber by one-dimensional atomic chain. We have also build an analytical model of unidirectional transport of quantum excitation and verified it with modelling of atoms coupled with surface plasmon polariton mode of a metallic nanowire. In particularly, we showed the tolerance of the unidirectionally coupled systems over the positional disorder of the two-level systems.
In our work, we theoretically study the dynamics of a single excitation in a one-dimensional array of two-level systems, which are chirally coupled through a single mode waveguide. The chirality is achieved owing to a strong optical spin-locking effect, which in an ideal case gives perfect unidirectional excitation transport. We obtain a simple analytical solution for a single excitation dynamics in the Markovian limit, which directly shows the tolerance of the system with respect to the fluctuations of emitters position. We also show that the Dicke state, which is well known to be superradiant, has twice lower emission rate in the case of unidirectional quantum interaction. Our model is supported and verified with the numerical computations of quantum emitters coupled via surface plasmon modes in a metallic nanowire. The obtained results are based on a very general model and can be applied to any chirally coupled system that gives a new outlook on quantum transport in chiral nanophotonics.
The ability to engineer chiral light-matter interactions is a valuable resource for realizing quantum networks and non-reciprocal quantum optics. Here, we demonstrate chiral coupling between light and a negatively charged exciton state, i.e., a four-level system, embedded in a standard photonic-crystal waveguide. By controlling the orientation and strength of an external magnetic field, we tune the polarization of the individual optical transition dipoles relative to the fixed elliptically polarized waveguide mode. In a two-sided waveguide, an optimized oblique magnetic field allows a selected transition to decay exclusively into a single propagation direction, enabling near-unity directional emission (0.99−0.02+0.010.99^{+0.01}_{-0.02}0.99−0.02+0.01​), despite the waveguide exhibiting imperfect polarization for chiral coupling. We further observe two tunable chiral branching ratios, the directional analogue of optical cyclicity, for two ΛΛΛ-systems, with one reaching 134−77+∞134_{-77}^{+\infty}134−77+∞​. The magnetic-field-dependent spectroscopy also allows reconstruction of the local guided-mode polarization at the emitter via the Stokes parameters relative to the emitter's dipole moments. Finally, we demonstrate that this local chirality enables coherent control of an electron spin via an optical Raman process mediated by waveguide driving. Building on the simultaneous realization of a large branching ratio, directionality and spin control achieved at the same oblique magnetic-field angle, we propose a protocol with high tolerance to photon loss for generating high-fidelity remote spin-spin entanglement. Our magnetic control opens a reconfigurable and generic route for enhancing on-chip chiral spin-photon coupling in standard nanophotonic interfaces without the need to carefully engineer the polarization of the waveguide.
Summary form only given. Controlling the interaction of light and matter is the basis for diverse applications ranging from light technology to quantum information processing. Nowadays, many of these applications are based on nanophotonic structures. It turns out that the confinement of light in such nanostructures imposes an inherent link between its local polarization and its propagation direction, also referred to as spin-momentum locking of light [1]. Remarkably, this leads to chiral, i.e., propagation direction-dependent effects in the emission and absorption of light, and elementary processes of light-matter interaction are fundamentally altered. For example, when coupling plasmonic particles or atoms to evanescent fields, the intrinsic mirror symmetry of the particles' emission can be broken. In our group, we observed this effect in the interaction between single rubidium atoms and the evanescent part of a light field that is confined by continuous total internal reflection in a whispering-gallery-mode microresonator [2]. In the following, this allowed us to realize chiral nanophotonic interfaces in which the emission direction of light into the structure is controlled by the polarization of the excitation light [3] or by the internal quantum state of the emitter [4], respectively. Moreover, we employed this chiral interaction to demonstrate an integrated optical isolator [5] as well as an integrated optical circulator [6] which operate at the single-photon level and which exhibit low loss. The latter are the first two examples of a new class of nonreciprocal nanophotonic devices which exploit the chiral interaction between single quantum emitters and transversally confined photons.
Cavity quantum electrodynamics studies light-matter interactions at single quanta level. Chiral photon-emitter coupling in photonic structures is characterized as unidirectional propagation locked by the local polarization of light. However, to realize the strong interaction of photon-emitter with direction-locked propagation, which will bring novel applications in nonreciprocal quantum devices, has not been reported yet. Here, we propose the coupled photonic crystal and metallic nanoparticle structure, where through strong local field with high helicity, the rate of circularly polarized photons emitting into photonic crystal waveguide is one order larger than that without the nanoparticle and the linewidth of Rabi splitting spectra is about one-tenth of that with only the nanoparticle, both with ∼\sim∼ 95%\%% photons propagating unidirectionally, which can be utilized in directional quantum light sources.