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arXiv:1701.06311 · Physical review. B./Physical review. B

Transport and collective radiance in a basic quantum chiral optical model

Danil Kornovan, Mihail I. Petrov, Ivan V. Iorsh

Published Sep 29, 2017• 36 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

In our work, we theoretically study the dynamics of a single excitation in a one-dimensional array of two-level systems, which are chirally coupled through a single mode waveguide. The chirality is achieved owing to a strong optical spin-locking effect, which in an ideal case gives perfect unidirectional excitation transport. We obtain a simple analytical solution for a single excitation dynamics in the Markovian limit, which directly shows the tolerance of the system with respect to the fluctuations of emitters position. We also show that the Dicke state, which is well known to be superradiant, has twice lower emission rate in the case of unidirectional quantum interaction. Our model is supported and verified with the numerical computations of quantum emitters coupled via surface plasmon modes in a metallic nanowire. The obtained results are based on a very general model and can be applied to any chirally coupled system that gives a new outlook on quantum transport in chiral nanophotonics.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.96.115162

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In our work, we theoretically study the dynamics of a single excitation in a one-dimensional array of two-level systems, which are chirally coupled through a single mode waveguide. The chirality is achieved owing to a strong optical spin-locking effect, which in an ideal case gives perfect unidirectional excitation transport. We obtain a simple analytical solution for a single excitation dynamics in the Markovian limit, which directly shows the tolerance of the system with respect to the fluctuations of emitters position. We also show that the Dicke state, which is well known to be superradiant, has twice lower emission rate in the case of unidirectional quantum interaction. Our model is supported and verified with the numerical computations of quantum emitters coupled via surface plasmon modes in a metallic nanowire. The obtained results are based on a very general model and can be applied to any chirally coupled system that gives a new outlook on quantum transport in chiral nanophotonics.
In this work we considered light interaction with two-level quantum systems chirally coupled to a single guided mode with account for a spin-locking effect. The chiral coupling allows achieving asymmetric interaction between the two-level systems, which strongly affects the light scattering of a guided mode of an optical nanofiber by one-dimensional atomic chain. We have also build an analytical model of unidirectional transport of quantum excitation and verified it with modelling of atoms coupled with surface plasmon polariton mode of a metallic nanowire. In particularly, we showed the tolerance of the unidirectionally coupled systems over the positional disorder of the two-level systems.
We study the collective decay dynamics of two or three quantum emitters coupled to a one-dimensional chiral waveguide. We find that both the asymmetry of emission intensity and the propagation phases play crucial roles in determining radiation behavior. Under suitable parameters, we show that the multiple emitters exhibit tunable radiance in the two-emitter case, such as one emitter exhibits superradiance while the other exhibits subradiance. Furthermore in the three-emitter case, the emitter can experience successive changes of radiation states. Our results highlight how chiral and anisotropic waveguide properties can be used to engineer controllable quantum light-matter interactions, with potential applications implemented in unidirectional quantum devices, and help explore more complex multibody radiation effects in waveguide quantum electrodynamics platforms.
Summary form only given. Controlling the interaction of light and matter is the basis for diverse applications ranging from light technology to quantum information processing. Nowadays, many of these applications are based on nanophotonic structures. It turns out that the confinement of light in such nanostructures imposes an inherent link between its local polarization and its propagation direction, also referred to as spin-momentum locking of light [1]. Remarkably, this leads to chiral, i.e., propagation direction-dependent effects in the emission and absorption of light, and elementary processes of light-matter interaction are fundamentally altered. For example, when coupling plasmonic particles or atoms to evanescent fields, the intrinsic mirror symmetry of the particles' emission can be broken. In our group, we observed this effect in the interaction between single rubidium atoms and the evanescent part of a light field that is confined by continuous total internal reflection in a whispering-gallery-mode microresonator [2]. In the following, this allowed us to realize chiral nanophotonic interfaces in which the emission direction of light into the structure is controlled by the polarization of the excitation light [3] or by the internal quantum state of the emitter [4], respectively. Moreover, we employed this chiral interaction to demonstrate an integrated optical isolator [5] as well as an integrated optical circulator [6] which operate at the single-photon level and which exhibit low loss. The latter are the first two examples of a new class of nonreciprocal nanophotonic devices which exploit the chiral interaction between single quantum emitters and transversally confined photons.
Abstract We theoretically study the collective single excitation dynamics in a chiral-coupled atomic chain with nonreciprocal decay channels. The collective radiation in this one-dimensional (1D) nanophotonics system results from the resonant dipole–dipole interactions in 1D reservoirs, which allow infinite-range couplings between atoms. When a single photon interacts with part of the atomic chain from a side excitation, the long-time decay can be further prolonged when highly correlated states are initially excited. The excitation plateau in the decay process can emerge due to the ordered population exchanges, which presents one distinctive signature of long-range and light-induced atom–atom correlations. Multiple time scales of the decay behaviors also show up due to multiple scattering of light transmissions and reflections in the chain. We further investigate the effect of atomic position fluctuations and find that the cascaded scheme with a unidirectional coupling is more resilient to the fluctuations, while the overall decay constant can be increased due to large deviations. Our results present a fundamental study on the collective excitation dynamics and the light-induced atom–atom correlations in such 1D nanophotonics platforms and offer rich opportunities in potential applications of quantum storage of photons.
Emitter ensembles interact collectively with the radiation field. In the case of a one-dimensional array of atoms near a nanofiber, this collective light-matter interaction does not only lead to an increased photon coupling to the guided modes within the fiber, but also to a drastic enhancement of the chirality in the photon emission. We show that near-perfect chirality can be achieved already for moderately sized ensembles, containing 10 to 15 atoms, by phase matching a superradiant collective guided emission mode via an external laser field. This is of importance for developing an efficient interface between atoms and waveguide structures with unidirectional coupling, with applications in quantum computing and communication such as the development of nonreciprocal photon devices or quantum information transfer channels.
We study the structure of the elementary excitations and their propagation in chiral hybrid structure, comprising an array of two-level systems (TLSs) coupled to a one-dimensional photonic waveguide. The chirality is achieved via spin-locking effect, which in an ideal case gives perfect unidirectional excitation transport. We show that the application of transverse magnetic field which mixes the corresponding levels in TLS results in the emergence of the slow light mode in the photonic spectrum. Finally, we demonstrate the protocols of writing the signal to the slow light mode as well as reading it out with ultrashort optical pulses, which opens new avenues for the realization of optical memory devices based on chiral optical systems.