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Physical Review Applied

Effect of Vapor Cell Geometry on Rydberg Atom-based Radio-frequency Electric Field Measurements | NIST

Christopher L. Holloway, Joshua A. Gordon

Published Jul 15, 2015• 0 citations
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Abstract The Rydberg atom can be used as an active probe for precision radio-frequency (RF) electric field (E-field) measurement; however, the RF cavity resonance and scattering effect of an atomic vapor cell lead to polarization distortion inside the cell, and the depolarization effect limits the sensitivity and accuracy of E-field measurement. The finite element simulation and characteristic mode analysis of a hollow-cavity model are implemented to find an optimized solution of minimizing such depolarization. Manipulating atoms in the middle layer of a vapor cell along an incident field vector can avoid the depolarization, which is validated by the vector distribution measurement at 15.09 GHz.
Abstract We introduce a method to measure radio frequency (RF) electric fields (E-fields) using atoms contained in a prism-shaped vapor cell. The method utilizes the concept of electromagnetically induced transparency with Rydberg atoms. The RF E-field induces changes in the index of refraction of the vapor resulting in deflection of the probe laser beam as it passes through the prism-shaped vapor cell. We measured a minimum RF E-field of 8.25 μ Vcm − 1 with a sensitivity of ∼ 46.5 μ Vcm − 1 Hz − 1 / 2 . The experimental results agree with a numerical model that includes dephasing effects. We discuss possible improvements to obtain higher sensitivity for RF E-field measurements.