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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Sensitivity Limits of Rydberg Atom-Based Radio Frequency Electric Field Sensing

Akbar Jahangiri Jozani, Santosh Kumar, Harald Kuebler, Haoquan Fan, James P. Shaffer

Published Jun 8, 2017• 0 citations
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We present enhanced sensing of a radio frequency (RF) electric field (E-field) by the combined polarizability of Rydberg atoms and the optimized local oscillator (LO) field of a superheterodyne receiver. Our modified theoretical model reveals the dependencies of the sensitivity of E-field amplitude measurement on the polarizability of Rydberg states and the strength of the LO field. The enhanced sensitivities of the megahertz (MHz) E-field are demonstrated at the optimal LO field for three different Rydberg states ${\rm 43D}_{5/2}$, ${\rm 60S}_{1/2}$, and ${\rm 90S}_{1/2}$. The sensitivity of 63 MHz for the ${\rm 90S}_{1/2}$ state reaches 9.6 $\times 10^{-5}\rm \,V/m/\sqrt {Hz}$, which is approximately an order of magnitude higher than those already published. This result closely approaches the sensitivity limit of a 1 cm passive dipole antenna without using an impedance matching network. This atomic sensor based on the Rydberg Stark effect with heterodyne technique is expected to boost an alternative solution to electric dipole antennas.

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Enhanced Sensitivity of Rydberg Atom-Based Radio Frequency Field Measurements Using Heterodyne Detection

Joshua Gordon, Matthew T. Simons, Abdulaziz H. Haddab +1 more

Bulletin of the American Physical Society•May 28, 2019•0 citations
We have shown that Rydberg atoms can be used for high-sensitivity, absolute sensing of radio frequency (RF) electric fields. We achieved a sensitivity of 3 μVcm-1Hz-1/2 for two read-out strategies. Results using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer2 and frequency modulated spectroscopy both achieve similar photon shot noise limited sensitivity. Fundamental limits to the sensitivity of the Rydberg atom-based RF electric field sensing have been addressed. Depending on the spectral resolution of the read-out, either the RF induced transmission line frequency splitting, the Autler-Townes regime, or a change in the on-resonant absorption, the amplitude regime, can be used to determine the RF electric field. Here, we present theoretical results of a 3-photon read-out scheme which enables the Autler-Townes regime of Rydberg atom-based RF electrometry to be extended to lower RF electric field strengths. We show that the residual Doppler shifts can, in principle, be reduced to ~11.8 kHz, on the order of the Rydberg atom natural lindewidths, using the approach.
We present enhanced sensing of a radio frequency (RF) electric field (E-field) by the combined polarizability of Rydberg atoms and the optimized local oscillator (LO) field of a superheterodyne receiver. Our modified theoretical model reveals the dependencies of the sensitivity of E-field amplitude measurement on the polarizability of Rydberg states and the strength of the LO field. The enhanced sensitivities of the megahertz (MHz) E-field are demonstrated at the optimal LO field for three different Rydberg states 43D5/2{\rm 43D}_{5/2}43D5/2​, 60S1/2{\rm 60S}_{1/2}60S1/2​, and 90S1/2{\rm 90S}_{1/2}90S1/2​. The sensitivity of 63 MHz for the 90S1/2{\rm 90S}_{1/2}90S1/2​ state reaches 9.6 ×10−5 V/m/Hz\times 10^{-5}\rm \,V/m/\sqrt {Hz}×10−5V/m/Hz​, which is approximately an order of magnitude higher than those already published. This result closely approaches the sensitivity limit of a 1 cm passive dipole antenna without using an impedance matching network. This atomic sensor based on the Rydberg Stark effect with heterodyne technique is expected to boost an alternative solution to electric dipole antennas.