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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Detecting spin nematicity via optical birefringence effects in spinor Bose-Einstein condensates

Mickie Eikenberry, Tao Tang, Zihe Chen, Lichao Zhao, Yingmei Liu

Published May 30, 2018• 0 citations
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We explore the dielectric properties of spinor condensates. Gases with vector (nematic) order, such as spin-1 condensates with ferromagnetic (antiferromagnetic) interactions, display optical activity (birefringence). This optical activity/birefringence is respectively seen for light detuned from resonance by a frequency which is not too large compared with the fine/hyperfine structure. Careful tuning of the light frequency can isolate either of these two effects. These features can be used to image spin textures in clouds of spin-1 bosons, and to discern states showing different types of spin order.
We review some recent results on discrete symmetries and topological order in spinor Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) of 23Na. For spin one bosons with two-body scatterings dominated by a total spin equal to two channel, the BECs are in quantum spin nematic states at a low density limit. We study spin correlations in condensates at different limits and analyze hidden symmetries using a non-perturbative approach developed recently. Furthermore we investigate the influence of hidden Z2 symmetries and U(1) quantum orders in symmetry partially restored states, particularly the effects on topological excitations.