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Applied Optics

Enhancement of Goos–Hänchen shift due to a Rydberg state

Seyyed Hossein Asadpour, Hamid Reza Hamedi, Mahmoud Jafari

Published May 10, 2018• 40 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper hints at the Goos-Hänchen shift properties of a cavity containing an ensemble of atoms using a four-level atomic system involving a Rydberg state. By means of the stationary phase theory and density matrix formalism in quantum optics, we study theoretically the Goos-Hänchen shifts in both reflected and transmitted light beams. It is realized that as a result of the interaction between Rydberg and excited states in such a four-level atom-light coupling scheme the maximum positive and negative Goos-Hänchen shifts can be obtained in reflected and transmitted light beams owning to the effect of the Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) or Rydberg electromagnetically induced absorption. In particular, when the switching field is absent and the Rydberg EIT is dominant in the medium, a giant Goos-Hänchen shift can be achieved for both reflected and transmitted light beams.

DOI
10.1364/ao.57.004013

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This paper hints at the Goos-Hänchen shift properties of a cavity containing an ensemble of atoms using a four-level atomic system involving a Rydberg state. By means of the stationary phase theory and density matrix formalism in quantum optics, we study theoretically the Goos-Hänchen shifts in both reflected and transmitted light beams. It is realized that as a result of the interaction between Rydberg and excited states in such a four-level atom-light coupling scheme the maximum positive and negative Goos-Hänchen shifts can be obtained in reflected and transmitted light beams owning to the effect of the Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) or Rydberg electromagnetically induced absorption. In particular, when the switching field is absent and the Rydberg EIT is dominant in the medium, a giant Goos-Hänchen shift can be achieved for both reflected and transmitted light beams.
Abstract The impact of spontaneously generated coherence (SGC) on the Goos–Hänchen (GH) shifts of transmitted and reflected light beams from a cavity with a four-level rubidium atom with a Rydberg state are discussed. Using the quantum mechanical density matrix method, we first discuss the absorption and dispersion properties of the medium, then analyze the GH shifts of transmitted and reflected light beams, respectively. We find that quantum interference from SGC can modify the absorption–dispersion properties, which leads to enhancement in GH shifts in transmitted and reflected light beams. Moreover, the effects of coupling light and its detuning on the properties of GH shifts have been discussed.
The behavior of the Goos-Hanchen (GH) shifts in the reflected and transmitted light beam which is incident on a cavity containing an intracavity medium of three-level or four-level atoms with electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is discussed. We report a coherent control of the GH shift in a fixed configuration or device via superluminal and subluminal wave propagation. For superluminal wave propagation, we observe negative GH shifts in the reflected part of the incident light whereas the shifts are positive in the transmitted light beam. This corresponds to the negative group index of the cavity in the former case and positive group index of the cavity in the latter. For subluminal wave propagation, the behavior of the GH shifts in the reflected light changes and positive shifts appear
The behavior of the Goos-H\"anchen (GH) shifts in the reflected and transmitted light beam which is incident on a cavity containing an intracavity medium of three-level or four-level atoms with electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is discussed. We report a coherent control of the GH shift in a fixed configuration or device via superluminal and subluminal wave propagation. For superluminal wave propagation, we observe negative GH shifts in the reflected part of the incident light whereas the shifts are positive in the transmitted light beam. This corresponds to the negative group index of the cavity in the former case and positive group index of the cavity in the latter. For subluminal wave propagation, the behavior of the GH shifts in the reflected light changes and positive shifts appear; however, the GH shifts in the transmitted light remains positive. The corresponding group index of the cavity is positive in both cases.
In this paper, we proposed a cavity containing an intracavity medium of five-level double-ladder-type atoms with electromagnetically induced transparency to enhance Goos-Hänchen shifts of reflected and transmitted light beams. The dependence of the Goos-Hänchen shifts has been analyzed. It is shown that Goos-Hänchen shifts can be controlled by modifying the intensity and detuning of the coherent control field without changing material and the structure of the dielectric interface. This work has considerable potential for applications such as optical devices in information processing, flexible optical-beam steering and alignment, optical sensors and optical switches.
Abstract The magnitude enhancement of the Goos–Hänchen shift (GHS) in reflected light (RL) is investigated. We consider a cavity in which a four-level atomic medium with a double lambda ( )-type configuration is contained. By changing the relative phase of optical fields in the four-level atomic configuration, we obtain normal and anomalous dispersions. Similarly, the manipulation of the positive and negative GHS in the RL is explored via the control of the relative phase. In addition, we investigated the GHS in the RL with and without the Doppler broadening (DB) effect. Interestingly, giant GHS in the RL is revealed for the DB medium. The role of the Doppler width on the magnitude of the GHS in RL is also studied. We find that the magnitude of the negative and positive GHS in the RL increased via increasing the Doppler width.
The influence of spontaneous generated coherence (SGC) on the Goos–Hänchen (GH) shift in the reflected light is presented. A weak probe light is incident on a cavity containing three-level gaseous atomic medium consist of 85Rb atoms. The atom–field interaction follows electromagnetically induced transparency configuration, and the SGC modifies the dispersion and absorption properties of a system [Y. Niu and S. Gong, Phys. Rev. A 73, 053811 (2006)]. The SGC enhances the Kerr nonlinearity which leads to giant negative and positive GH shifts in the reflected light. Further, the control of negative and positive GH shifts is achieved via manipulation of probe field detuning.