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Laser Physics

Enhancement of Goos–Hänchen shifts due to spontaneously generated coherence in a four-level Rydberg atom

Ghahraman Solookinejad, Masoud Jabbari, Mehdi Nafar, Elnaz Ahmadi Sangachin

Published Apr 30, 2019• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract The impact of spontaneously generated coherence (SGC) on the Goos–Hänchen (GH) shifts of transmitted and reflected light beams from a cavity with a four-level rubidium atom with a Rydberg state are discussed. Using the quantum mechanical density matrix method, we first discuss the absorption and dispersion properties of the medium, then analyze the GH shifts of transmitted and reflected light beams, respectively. We find that quantum interference from SGC can modify the absorption–dispersion properties, which leads to enhancement in GH shifts in transmitted and reflected light beams. Moreover, the effects of coupling light and its detuning on the properties of GH shifts have been discussed.

DOI
10.1088/1555-6611/ab0c92

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Abstract The impact of spontaneously generated coherence (SGC) on the Goos–Hänchen (GH) shifts of transmitted and reflected light beams from a cavity with a four-level rubidium atom with a Rydberg state are discussed. Using the quantum mechanical density matrix method, we first discuss the absorption and dispersion properties of the medium, then analyze the GH shifts of transmitted and reflected light beams, respectively. We find that quantum interference from SGC can modify the absorption–dispersion properties, which leads to enhancement in GH shifts in transmitted and reflected light beams. Moreover, the effects of coupling light and its detuning on the properties of GH shifts have been discussed.
The influence of spontaneous generated coherence (SGC) on the Goos–Hänchen (GH) shift in the reflected light is presented. A weak probe light is incident on a cavity containing three-level gaseous atomic medium consist of 85Rb atoms. The atom–field interaction follows electromagnetically induced transparency configuration, and the SGC modifies the dispersion and absorption properties of a system [Y. Niu and S. Gong, Phys. Rev. A 73, 053811 (2006)]. The SGC enhances the Kerr nonlinearity which leads to giant negative and positive GH shifts in the reflected light. Further, the control of negative and positive GH shifts is achieved via manipulation of probe field detuning.
This paper hints at the Goos-Hänchen shift properties of a cavity containing an ensemble of atoms using a four-level atomic system involving a Rydberg state. By means of the stationary phase theory and density matrix formalism in quantum optics, we study theoretically the Goos-Hänchen shifts in both reflected and transmitted light beams. It is realized that as a result of the interaction between Rydberg and excited states in such a four-level atom-light coupling scheme the maximum positive and negative Goos-Hänchen shifts can be obtained in reflected and transmitted light beams owning to the effect of the Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) or Rydberg electromagnetically induced absorption. In particular, when the switching field is absent and the Rydberg EIT is dominant in the medium, a giant Goos-Hänchen shift can be achieved for both reflected and transmitted light beams.
The behavior of the Goos-H\"anchen (GH) shifts in the reflected and transmitted light beam which is incident on a cavity containing an intracavity medium of three-level or four-level atoms with electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is discussed. We report a coherent control of the GH shift in a fixed configuration or device via superluminal and subluminal wave propagation. For superluminal wave propagation, we observe negative GH shifts in the reflected part of the incident light whereas the shifts are positive in the transmitted light beam. This corresponds to the negative group index of the cavity in the former case and positive group index of the cavity in the latter. For subluminal wave propagation, the behavior of the GH shifts in the reflected light changes and positive shifts appear; however, the GH shifts in the transmitted light remains positive. The corresponding group index of the cavity is positive in both cases.
The behavior of the Goos-Hanchen (GH) shifts in the reflected and transmitted light beam which is incident on a cavity containing an intracavity medium of three-level or four-level atoms with electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is discussed. We report a coherent control of the GH shift in a fixed configuration or device via superluminal and subluminal wave propagation. For superluminal wave propagation, we observe negative GH shifts in the reflected part of the incident light whereas the shifts are positive in the transmitted light beam. This corresponds to the negative group index of the cavity in the former case and positive group index of the cavity in the latter. For subluminal wave propagation, the behavior of the GH shifts in the reflected light changes and positive shifts appear
We propose an efficient scheme to manipulate the Goos–Hänchen (GH) shift of a reflected beam from a metal-clad waveguide, where a coherent atomic medium with a Λ -type configuration is employed as the substrate. Using experimentally achievable parameters, we identify the conditions under which spontaneously generated coherence (SGC) allows us to enhance the spatial and angular GH shifts of the reflected beam. With the help of SGC, the relative phases of the probe and control fields can alter the absorption gain and refractive index of the atomic medium, thereby manipulating the magnitudes, signs, and positions of the spatial and angular shifts. Furthermore, the spatial and angular GH shifts can be coherently controlled via adjusting the incoherent pumping rate and the intensity of the control field. Our proposal provides an avenue for the manipulation of spatial and angular GH shifts and potential applications in optical switching and optical steering.