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Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute

On the Development of Controllable Sources of Single-Photon States with an Orbital Angular Momentum on the Basis of Spontaneous Parametric Down-Conversion of Light

A. V. Shkalikov, D. A. Turaykhanov, А. А. Калачев, Nicholas N. Losevsky, E.V. Razueva, С. А. Самагин, С. П. Котова

Published Mar 1, 2018• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Methods for beam shaping with nonzero orbital angular momentum are studied using diffraction optical elements with the purpose of developing a source of single-photon states based on spontaneous parametric down-conversion of light in the LiNbO 3 crystal in the cavity resonator. The probability of the coincidence of the number of photocounts in detecting signal and idle fields under pumping by a beam with the orbital angular momentum is simulated.

DOI
10.3103/s1068335618030041

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Methods for beam shaping with nonzero orbital angular momentum are studied using diffraction optical elements with the purpose of developing a source of single-photon states based on spontaneous parametric down-conversion of light in the LiNbO 3 crystal in the cavity resonator. The probability of the coincidence of the number of photocounts in detecting signal and idle fields under pumping by a beam with the orbital angular momentum is simulated.
Stimulated parametric down-conversion (StimPDC) produces an idler beam that exhibits a phase conjugate of the spatial structure of the classical seed beam. Extending this effect to the single-photon regime can, in principle, enable the control of the orbital angular momentum of single photons. However, its experimental implementation remains challenging due to the lower photon flux of realistic single-photon sources compared to a classical pump beam, which causes the StimPDC process to occur less frequently compared to its spontaneous counterpart. To overcome this, we propose a cascaded parametric down-conversion scheme, in which the signal photon from a spontaneously down-converted pair seeds the StimPDC process, while the idler photon heralds the seed's presence. This configuration uses coincidence detection to effectively post-select for stimulated events among the background of spontaneous contributions. We show that phase conjugation at the single-photon level manifests as a bias towards equal orbital angular momentum between the heralding idler and the stimulated idler. Our results offer a practical route to manipulate single-photon correlations in the orbital angular momentum degree of freedom and could have implications for applications such as free-space quantum communication and quantum-enhanced sensing.
In this work, a technique to produce spatial electromagnetic modes with definite orbital angular momentum is presented. The method is based in the construction of binary diffractive gratings generated by computer. In the classical regime the gratings produce the well known Laguerre-Gaussian modes distributions when illuminated by a plane wave. In the quantum regime the grating is placed in the signal path of a spontaneous parametric down conversion layout and the diffraction pattern, observed in the coincidence count rate, shows that the single photons are projected onto spatial states consistent with a Laguerre-Gaussian modes distribution.