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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Sub-Shot Noise Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy with Parametric Homodyne Detection

Yoad Michael, Leon Bello, M. Rosenbluh, Avi Pe’er

Published Jan 1, 2018• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present a method for Raman spectroscopy based on nonlinear phase detection in SU(1,1) interferometer. This method utilizes squeezed light to eliminate the noise associated with the stimulated Raman interactions and enhance the Raman gain.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_qels.2018.fm4h.3

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Stimulated Raman spectroscopy has become a powerful tool to study the spatio-dynamics of molecular bonds with high sensitivity, resolution, and speed. However, the sensitivity and speed of stimulated Raman spectroscopy are ultimately limited by the shot-noise of the light beam probing the Raman process. Here, we demonstrate an enhancement of the sensitivity of stimulated Raman spectroscopy by reducing the noise below the shot-noise limit by means of squeezed states of light. Our demonstration constitutes the first step towards a new generation of quantum-enhanced Raman microscopes.
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In many state-of-the-art stimulated Raman spectroscopy (SRS) experiments, shot noise is the dominating noise source. We apply polarization-squeezed light generated in a silica fiber via the Kerr effect for SRS. The non-classical state of light allows for lowering the noise power below the shot noise limit, which enhances the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In our experiment, we achieved 3.0 dB SNR improvement when compared to coherent state SRS. We additionally investigate spectral focusing of squeezed pulses to improve SRS resolution without loss in SNR.
Homodyne detection is often used for interferometers based on nonlinear optical gain media. For the configuration of a seeded, "truncated SU(1,1)" interferometer Anderson, et al. [ Phys. Rev. A95, 063843 (2017)] showed how to optimize the homodyne detection scheme and demonstrated theoretically that it can saturate the quantum Cramer-Rao bound for phase estimation. In this work we extend those results by taking into account loss in the truncated SU(1,1) interferometer and determining the optimized homodyne detection scheme for phase measurement. Further, we build a truncated SU(1,1) interferometer and experimentally demonstrate that this optimized scheme achieves a reduction in noise level, corresponding to an enhanced potential phase sensitivity, compared to a typical homodyne detection scheme for a two-mode squeezed state. In doing so, we also demonstrate an improvement in the degree to which we can beat the standard quantum limit with this device.
Phase-sensitive optical parametric amplification of squeezed states helps to overcome detection loss and noise and thus increases the robustness of sub-shot-noise sensing. Because such techniques, e.g., imaging and spectroscopy, operate with multimode light, multimode amplification is required. Here we find the optimal methods for multimode phase-sensitive amplification and verify them in an experiment where a pumped second-order nonlinear crystal is seeded with a Gaussian coherent beam. Phase-sensitive amplification is obtained by tightly focusing the seed into the crystal, rather than seeding with close-to-plane waves. This suggests that phase-sensitive amplification of sub-shot-noise images should be performed in the near field. A similar recipe can be formulated for the time and frequency, which makes this work relevant for quantum-enhanced spectroscopy.