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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Characterization and performance of gmon superconducting qubits for quantum simulation

B. Chiaro, A. Dunsworth, Charles Neill, Zijun Chen, Brooks Foxen, J. Wenner, John M. Martinis

Published Mar 6, 2018• 0 citations
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Great strides have recently been made in developing stable and coherent quantum systems. One such system is the superconducting gmon qubit architecture developed by Martinis et. al [1]. Martinis et. al presents a simple coherent system with highly tuneable qubit-qubit couplings, making it a great candidate for use in quantum computing. Of specific interest to the field of quantum computing is the controlled evolution of these qubit systems to process information. To achieve this type of evolution we worked within the gmon qubit architecture and found optimal solutions for evolving a three qubit system from an easily achieved product state to a more difficult to achieve maximally entangled state. These solutions were found using a simulated annealing algorithm that minimized the error between the maximally entangled state and the final state of the system with respect to the protocols of the coupling parameters that compose the Hamiltonian of the system. These protocols, confirmed using Pontryagin's minimum principle, turned out to be simple bang-bang protocols that greatly shortcut adiabatic evolution and offer a structure that can be used to help employ quantum gates or regulate the energy of a quantum computer.
Complex integrated circuits require multiple wiring layers. In complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor processing, these layers are robustly separated by amorphous dielectrics. These dielectrics would dominate energy loss in superconducting integrated circuits. Here, we describe a procedure that capitalizes on the structural benefits of inter-layer dielectrics during fabrication and mitigates the added loss. We use a deposited inter-layer dielectric throughout fabrication and then etch it away post-fabrication. This technique is compatible with foundry level processing and can be generalized to make many different forms of low-loss wiring. We use this technique to create freestanding aluminum vacuum gap crossovers (airbridges). We characterize the added capacitive loss of these airbridges by connecting ground planes over microwave frequency λ/4 coplanar waveguide resonators and measuring resonator loss. We measure a low power resonator loss of ∼3.9 × 10−8 per bridge, which is 100 times lower than that of dielectric supported bridges. We further characterize these airbridges as crossovers, control line jumpers, and as part of a coupling network in gmon and fluxmon qubits. We measure qubit characteristic lifetimes (T1s) in excess of 30 μs in gmon devices.