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Security and Communication Networks

A quantum secure direct communication protocol based on four-qubit cluster state

Jian Li, Danjie Song, Ruifan Li, Xiaofeng Lu

Published Apr 10, 2013• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a quantum secure direct communication protocol utilizing four-qubit cluster state to enhance the efficiency of eavesdropping detection. In the security analysis, by applying the method of the entropy theory, we contrast our scheme to another two strategies, the Ping-pong protocol and the protocol using two particles of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pair as detection particles. The comparison results show that if the eavesdropper obtains the same amount of information, the presented quantum protocol strategy will have a larger detection probability than the other two. At last, the security of the proposed protocol is discussed. The analysis results indicate that the protocol in this paper is more secure. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

DOI
10.1002/sec.711

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We propose a quantum secure direct communication protocol utilizing four-qubit cluster state to enhance the efficiency of eavesdropping detection. In the security analysis, by applying the method of the entropy theory, we contrast our scheme to another two strategies, the Ping-pong protocol and the protocol using two particles of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pair as detection particles. The comparison results show that if the eavesdropper obtains the same amount of information, the presented quantum protocol strategy will have a larger detection probability than the other two. At last, the security of the proposed protocol is discussed. The analysis results indicate that the protocol in this paper is more secure. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
To enhance the efficiency of eavesdropping detection in quantum secure direct communication, a quantum secure direct communication protocol based on six-qubit cluster state is proposed. In the security analysis, the method of the entropy theory is introduced, and three detection strategies are compared quantitatively by using the constraint between the information eavesdroppers can obtain and the interference introduced. If the eavesdropper obtains the same amount of information, she must face a larger detection probability in the presented scheme than the other two, and if obtains the whole information, the detection rate of the PingPong protocol is 50%; the second protocol which used two particles of EPR pair as detection particles is also 50%; while the presented protocol is 94%. At last, the security of the proposed protocol is discussed. The analysis results indicate that the protocol in this paper is more secure than the other two.
To enhance the efficiency of eavesdropping detection in quantum secure direct communication, a quantum secure direct communication protocol based on six-qubit cluster state is proposed. In the security analysis, the method of the entropy theory is introduced, and three detection strategies are compared quantitatively by using the constraint between the information eavesdroppers can obtain and the interference introduced. If the eavesdropper obtains the same amount of information, she must face a larger detection probability in the presented scheme than the other two, and if obtains the whole information, the detection rate of the PingPong protocol is 50%; the second protocol which used two particles of EPR pair as detection particles is also 50%; while the presented protocol is 94%. At last, the security of the proposed protocol is discussed. The analysis results indicate that the protocol in this paper is more secure than the other two.
In order to transmit secure messages, a quantum secure direct communication protocol based on a five-particle cluster state and classical XOR operation is presented. The five-particle cluster state is used to detect eavesdroppers, and the classical XOR operation serving as a one-time-pad is used to ensure the security of the protocol. In the security analysis, the entropy theory method is introduced, and three detection strategies are compared quantitatively by using the constraint between the information that the eavesdroppers can obtain and the interference introduced. If the eavesdroppers intend to obtain all the information, the detection rate of the original ping-pong protocol is 50%; the second protocol, using two particles of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pair as detection particles, is also 50%; while the presented protocol is 89%. Finally, the security of the proposed protocol is discussed, and the analysis results indicate that the protocol in this paper is more secure than the other two.
In order to improve the eavesdropping detection efficiency in a two-step quantum direct communication protocol, an improved eavesdropping detection strategy using the four-particle cluster state is proposed, in which the four-particle cluster state is used to detect eavesdroppers. During the security analysis, the method of the entropy theory is introduced, and two detection strategies are compared quantitatively using the constraint between the information that the eavesdropper can obtain and the interference that has been introduced. If the eavesdroppers intend to obtain all information, the eavesdropping detection rate of the original two-step quantum direct communication protocol using EPR pair block as detection particles will be 50%; while the proposed strategy’s detection rate will be 75%. In the end, the security of the proposed protocol is discussed. The analysis results show that the eavesdropping detection strategy presented is more secure.
To enhance the efficiency of eavesdropping detection in the quantum secure direct communication protocol, an improved quantum secure direct communication protocol based on a four-particle Green-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state is presented. In the protocol, the four-particle GHZ state is used to detect eavesdroppers, and quantum dense coding is used to encode the message. In the security analysis, the method of entropy theory is introduced, and two detection strategies are compared quantitatively by using the constraint between the information that the eavesdroppers can obtain and the interference that has been introduced. If the eavesdropper wants to obtain all the information, the detection rate of the quantum secure direct communication using an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pair block will be 50% and the detection rate of the presented protocol will be 87%. At last, the security of the proposed protocol is discussed. The analysis results indicate that the protocol proposed is more secure than the others
A novel quantum secure direct communication protocol based on four-particle genuine entangled state and quantum dense coding is proposed. In this protocol, the four-particle genuine entangled state is used to detect eavesdroppers, and quantum dense coding is used to encode the message. Finally, the security of the proposed protocol is discussed. During the security analysis, the method of entropy theory is introduced, and two detection strategies are compared quantitatively by comparing the relationship between the maximal information that the eavesdroppers (Eve) can obtain, and the probability of being detected. Through the analysis we can state that our scheme is feasible and secure.