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Physica C Superconductivity

Sensitivity optimization of Bell-Bloom magnetometers by manipulation of atomic spin synchronization

Maliheh Ranjbaran, Mohammad Mehdi Tehranchi, Seyedeh Mehri Hamidi, S.M.H. Khalkhali

Published Mar 5, 2018• 3 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.physc.2018.02.011

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We compare the sensitivity performance of two optically pumped atomic magnetometers based on the Mx and frequency-modulated bell-bloom configurations. The Cs magnetometers are implemented using a millimeter-scale microfabricated vapor cell. It is found that the Bell-Bloom magnetometer yields sensitivities similar to those of the Mx magnetometer when operated under equally optimized conditions. The Bell-Bloom approach offers several attractive features over the Mx approach for chip-scale magnetometer instrumentation.
We propose a scheme for a Bell–Bloom atomic magnetometer based on a single beam. In our approach, the light is periodically modulated synchronously with Larmor precession. As a result, the light that interacts with atoms is alternately polychromatic and monochromatic. When the light is polychromatic, the ±1st sidebands of the light are optically resonant with the atoms, and the atoms are polarized by pumping. When the light is monochromatic, a differential detection technique extracts the Faraday-rotation signal of the light, and the polarization of the light is probed. We demonstrate an experimental implementation of the Bell–Bloom magnetometer that achieves a sensitivity for magnetic-field detection of 0.25 pT/Hz1/2 at 1 Hz. Our scheme is suitable for developing compact, miniaturized magnetometers.
ABSTRACT The Bell‐Bloom‐type optically‐pumped atomic magnetometers are well‐suited for weak geomagnetic field detection. However, conventional single‐beam pumping introduces an atomic spin polarization gradient, which limits the measurement accuracy and sensitivity. To address this issue, this paper proposes and experimentally demonstrates a Bell‐Bloom‐type rubidium FID magnetometer scheme integrating orthogonally polarized counter‐propagating pumping and multi‐pass probe detection. This design homogenizes the atomic spin polarization distribution and suppresses light shifts and power broadening. This uniform polarization, in turn, allows the five‐pass probe configuration to achieve a significantly larger signal amplitude. Experimental results reveal that, compared with the traditional single‐beam pumping and single‐pass detection scheme, the proposed magnetometer achieves a remarkable improvement in magnetic field measurement accuracy, and the magnetic field sensitivity is improved from 18.9 to 3.1 pT/. Notably, the two techniques work synergistically, yielding a 6.1‐fold sensitivity enhancement that far exceeds their individual gains. This work provides an effective technical approach and reference for optimizing the performance of atomic magnetometers and their applications in precision measurement fields.