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The Japan Society of Applied Physics

NMR measurements using shallow NV centers in the nitrogen-terminated diamond

Takahiro Sonoda, Sora Kawai, Hayate Yamano, Kanami Kato, Jorge J. Buendía, Taisuke Kageura, Yu Ishii, Ryosuke Fukuda, Takuma Okada, Moriyoshi Haruyama, Takashi Tanii, K. Yamada, Shinobu Onoda, Wataru Kada, Osamu Hanaizumi, Alastair D. Stacey, Tokuyuki Teraji, Shozo Kono, Junichi Isoya, Hiroshi Kawarada

Published Feb 8, 2018• 0 citations
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Abstract The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond is the most promising candidate for quantum sensing because of its beneficial properties. For quantum-sensing applications, a shallow NV center is critical for approximating the sensing target on a diamond surface. Such shallow NV centers are strongly affected by the diamond surface termination. The properties of shallow NV centers in hydrogen-, oxygen-, and fluorine-terminated diamond have been well studied. In recent years, silicon-terminated diamond has also been investigated; however, the effect of silicon-terminated diamond on the properties of shallow NV centers remains unclear. Recently, the suitability of nitrogen-terminated diamond for shallow NV centers has been theoretically and experimentally examined; however, quantum sensing has not yet been performed. In this work, we evaluated the effect of silicon and nitrogen termination on shallow NV centers. The negatively charged state of shallow NV centers was unstable below silicon termination. In contrast, the properties of shallow NV centers in nitrogen-terminated diamond were satisfactory for quantum sensing and enabled 1H NMR detection. Our results are in good agreement with previous reports on silicon and nitrogen terminations and provide the perspective that the stability of shallow NV centers highly depends on the polarity of electron affinity of the diamond surface.
The ability to control the charge and spin states of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers near the diamond surface is of pivotal importance for quantum applications. Hydrogen-terminated diamond is promising for long spin coherence times and ease of controlling the charge states due to the low density of surface defects. However, it has so far been challenging to create negatively charged single NV centers with controllable spin states beneath a hydrogen-terminated surface because atmospheric adsorbates that act as acceptors induce surface holes. In this study, we optically detected the magnetic resonance of shallow single NV centers in hydrogen-terminated diamond through precise control of the nitrogen implantation fluence. Furthermore, we found that the probability of detecting the resonance was enhanced by reducing the surface acceptor density through passivation of the hydrogen-terminated surface with hexagonal boron nitride without air exposure. This control method opens up new opportunities for using NV centers in quantum applications.
Abstract The developments in quantum sensing protocols and nano-photonic waveguides are merged to improve the performance of single nitrogen-vancancy (NV) centers in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) sensing. Nanopillars are designed with NV centers placed approximately 5 nm below the top facet and fabricated through a simple procedure, suitable for mass production. Fluorescence intensities from these nanopillars are 3.5 times greater than that of single shallow NV centers embedded in unstructured flat diamond. Quantum heterodyne measurements of an alternating magnetic field are performed with these nanopillars and evidence of improved peak clarity in the frequency spectrum is shown.