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The Japan Society of Applied Physics

Super-high-sensitivity NMR by using NV centers in diamond

Junichi Isoya, Hitoshi Sumiya, Jochen Scheuer, Ilai Schwartz, Qiong Chen, David Schulze‐Sünninghausen, Patrick J. Carl, Peter Hoefer, Alex Retzker, Burkhard Luy, Martin Bodo Plenio, Boris Naydenov, Fedor Jelezko

Published Feb 8, 2016• 0 citations
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Wide-field quantum magnetometry using nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond can be a breakthrough for a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in a small volume, which is important for biological applications. Although the coherence time of the electron spin of the NV center results in a limited frequency resolution for diamond magnetometry in the range 10–100 kHz, recent studies have shown that a phase-sensitive protocol can circumvent this limit using a confocal setup. We proposed a new measurement protocol, “iQdyne,” which facilitates an improved frequency resolution of wide-field imaging, unencumbered by the coherence limit imposed by the NV center. We demonstrated wide-field magnetometry with a frequency resolution of 238 mHz and a magnetic sensitivity of 65 nT/Hz1/2, which are superior to those obtained using a conventional XY8-based technique, and showed the potential of the iQdyne protocol for the wide-field NMR imaging.

arXiv:1807.04444•AIP Advances•Dec 1, 2018•20 citations
Abstract The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond is the most promising candidate for quantum sensing because of its beneficial properties. For quantum-sensing applications, a shallow NV center is critical for approximating the sensing target on a diamond surface. Such shallow NV centers are strongly affected by the diamond surface termination. The properties of shallow NV centers in hydrogen-, oxygen-, and fluorine-terminated diamond have been well studied. In recent years, silicon-terminated diamond has also been investigated; however, the effect of silicon-terminated diamond on the properties of shallow NV centers remains unclear. Recently, the suitability of nitrogen-terminated diamond for shallow NV centers has been theoretically and experimentally examined; however, quantum sensing has not yet been performed. In this work, we evaluated the effect of silicon and nitrogen termination on shallow NV centers. The negatively charged state of shallow NV centers was unstable below silicon termination. In contrast, the properties of shallow NV centers in nitrogen-terminated diamond were satisfactory for quantum sensing and enabled 1H NMR detection. Our results are in good agreement with previous reports on silicon and nitrogen terminations and provide the perspective that the stability of shallow NV centers highly depends on the polarity of electron affinity of the diamond surface.
Wide-field quantum magnetometry using nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond can be a breakthrough for a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in a small volume, which is important for biological applications. Although the coherence time of the electron spin of the NV center results in a limited frequency resolution for diamond magnetometry in the range 10–100 kHz, recent studies have shown that a phase-sensitive protocol can circumvent this limit using a confocal setup. We proposed a new measurement protocol, “iQdyne,” which facilitates an improved frequency resolution of wide-field imaging, unencumbered by the coherence limit imposed by the NV center. We demonstrated wide-field magnetometry with a frequency resolution of 238 mHz and a magnetic sensitivity of 65 nT/Hz1/2, which are superior to those obtained using a conventional XY8-based technique, and showed the potential of the iQdyne protocol for the wide-field NMR imaging.